{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T07:18:21Z","timestamp":1775287101264,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2016A040403084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016A040403084"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2015A030401066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015A030401066"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2017A020208030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017A020208030"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2016B020234006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016B020234006"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2016A040403085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016A040403085"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1697-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T09:00:45Z","timestamp":1543395645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Duplex fluorescence melting curve analysis as a new tool for rapid detection and differentiation of genotype I, II and Bartha-K61 vaccine strains of pseudorabies virus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1697_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012374410-4.00480-5","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Virology (Third Edition). Edn","author":"TC Mettenleiter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mettenleiter TC. Pseudorabies virus A2 - Mahy, Brian W.J. In: Regenmortel MHVV, editor. Encyclopedia of Virology (Third Edition). Edn. Oxford: Academic Press; 2008. p. 341\u201351."},{"issue":"10 Pt 1","key":"1697_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1980.176.10.998","volume":"176","author":"GW Beran","year":"1980","unstructured":"Beran GW, Davies EB, Arambulo PV 3rd, Will LA, Hill HT, Rock DL. Persistence of pseudorabies virus in infected swine. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1980;176(10 Pt 1):998\u20131000.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"1697_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1911.130177","volume":"19","author":"TQ An","year":"2013","unstructured":"An TQ, Peng JM, Tian ZJ, Zhao HY, Li N, Liu YM, Chen JZ, Leng CL, Sun Y, Chang D, et al. Pseudorabies virus variant in Bartha-K61-vaccinated pigs, China, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19(11):1749\u201355.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1697_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2013.14.3.363","volume":"14","author":"R Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu R, Bai C, Sun J, Chang S, Zhang X. Emergence of virulent pseudorabies virus infection in northern China. J Vet Sci. 2013;14(3):363\u20135.","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1697_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2001.130531","volume":"20","author":"X Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu X, Zhou Z, Hu D, Zhang Q, Han T, Li X, Gu X, Yuan L, Zhang S, Wang B, et al. Pathogenic pseudorabies virus, China, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(1):102\u20134.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1697_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-015-1190-0","volume":"50","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Y, Qiao S, Li X, Xie W, Guo J, Li Q, Liu X, Hou J, Xu Y, Wang L, et al. Molecular epidemiology of outbreak-associated pseudorabies virus (PRV) strains in Central China. Virus Genes. 2015;50(3):401\u20139.","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"issue":"1","key":"1697_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v5.i1.23","volume":"5","author":"QY Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang QY, Sun Z, Tan FF, Guo LH, Wang YZ, Wang J, Wang ZY, Wang LL, Li XD, Xiao Y, et al. Pathogenicity of a currently circulating Chinese variant pseudorabies virus in pigs. World journal of virology. 2016;5(1):23\u201330.","journal-title":"World journal of virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1697_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2016.17.3.369","volume":"17","author":"J Fan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fan J, Zeng X, Zhang G, Wu Q, Niu J, Sun B, Xie Q, Ma J. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of pseudorabies virus variants isolated from Guangdong province of southern China during 2013-2014. J Vet Sci. 2016;17(3):369\u201375.","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"issue":"27","key":"1697_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.04.035","volume":"32","author":"CH Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang CH, Yuan J, Qin HY, Luo Y, Cong X, Li Y, Chen J, Li S, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. A novel gE-deleted pseudorabies virus (PRV) provides rapid and complete protection from lethal challenge with the PRV variant emerging in Bartha-K61-vaccinated swine population in China. Vaccine. 2014;32(27):3379\u201385.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1697_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.04.013","volume":"483","author":"C Ye","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ye C, Zhang QZ, Tian ZJ, Zheng H, Zhao K, Liu F, Guo JC, Tong W, Jiang CG, Wang SJ, et al. Genomic characterization of emergent pseudorabies virus in China reveals marked sequence divergence: evidence for the existence of two major genotypes. Virology. 2015;483:32\u201343.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"1697_CR11","unstructured":"Wu XM, Chen QY, Chen RJ, Che YL, Wang LB, Wang CY, Yan S, Liu YT, Xiu JS, Zhou LJ. Pathogenicity and whole genome sequence analysis of a pseudorabies virus strain FJ-2012 isolated from Fujian, southern China. The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale. 2017:2017, 9073172."},{"issue":"3","key":"1697_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-017-1429-z","volume":"53","author":"C Song","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song C, Gao L, Bai W, Zha X, Yin G, Shu X. Molecular epidemiology of pseudorabies virus in Yunnan and the sequence analysis of its gD gene. Virus Genes. 2017;53(3):392\u20139.","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"issue":"3","key":"1697_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-3170-7","volume":"162","author":"H Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu H, Li XT, Hu B, Deng XY, Zhang L, Lian SZ, Zhang HL, Lv S, Xue XH, Lu RG, et al. Outbreak of severe pseudorabies virus infection in pig-offal-fed farmed mink in Liaoning Province, China. Arch Virol. 2017;162(3):863\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"1697_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(97)00156-9","volume":"60","author":"M Balasch","year":"1998","unstructured":"Balasch M, Pujols J, Segales J, Pumarola M. Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus detection in cerebrospinal fluid in experimentally infected pigs. Vet Microbiol. 1998;60(2\u20134):99\u2013106.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1697_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.05.1133","volume":"46","author":"RG McFarlane","year":"1985","unstructured":"McFarlane RG, Thawley DG. DNA hybridization procedure to detect pseudorabies virus DNA in swine tissue. Am J Vet Res. 1985;46(5):1133\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"1697_CR16","first-page":"519","volume":"34","author":"S Belak","year":"1987","unstructured":"Belak S, Rockborn G, Wierup M, Belak K, Berg M, Linne T. Aujeszky's disease in pigs diagnosed by a simple method of nucleic acid hybridization. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1987;34(7):519\u201329.","journal-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed B"},{"issue":"2","key":"1697_CR17","first-page":"91","volume":"39","author":"R Wongwatcharadumrong","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wongwatcharadumrong R, Kunavongkrit A, Neumuller M, Linne T. Comparison of virus isolation, immunofluorescence and DNA probe hybridization for detection of pseudorabies virus in experimentally infected pigs. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1992;39(2):91\u20136.","journal-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed B"},{"issue":"1","key":"1697_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.03.028","volume":"151","author":"FX En","year":"2008","unstructured":"En FX, Wei X, Jian L, Qin C. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification establishment for detection of pseudorabies virus. J Virol Methods. 2008;151(1):35\u20139.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"1697_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638712447279","volume":"24","author":"EL Zanella","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zanella EL, Miller LC, Lager KM, Bigelow TT. Evaluation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for pseudorabies virus surveillance purposes. J Vet Diagn Investig. 2012;24(4):739\u201345.","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Investig"},{"key":"1697_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2017.03.005","volume":"33","author":"Y Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang Y, Qin X, Zhang W, Li Z, Zhang S, Li Y, Zhang Z. Development of an isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of pseudorabies virus. Mol Cell Probes. 2017;33:32\u20135.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Probes"},{"issue":"1","key":"1697_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2010.07.034","volume":"169","author":"CF Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang CF, Cui SJ, Zhu C. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection and differentiation of wild-type pseudorabies and gene-deleted virus vaccines. J Virol Methods. 2010;169(1):239\u201343.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"1697_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2013.07.018","volume":"193","author":"X Ma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma X, Cui Y, Qiu Z, Zhang B, Cui S. A nanoparticle-assisted PCR assay to improve the sensitivity for rapid detection and differentiation of wild-type pseudorabies virus and gene-deleted vaccine strains. J Virol Methods. 2013;193(2):374\u20138.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"1697_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2014.08.022","volume":"209","author":"K Wernike","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wernike K, Beer M, Freuling CM, Klupp B, Mettenleiter TC, Muller T, Hoffmann B. Molecular double-check strategy for the identification and characterization of Suid herpesvirus 1. J Virol Methods. 2014;209:110\u20135.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"9","key":"1697_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-2925-5","volume":"161","author":"XY Meng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meng XY, Luo Y, Liu Y, Shao L, Sun Y, Li Y, Li S, Ji S, Qiu HJ. A triplex real-time PCR for differential detection of classical, variant and Bartha-K61 vaccine strains of pseudorabies virus. Arch Virol. 2016;161(9):2425\u201330.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"1697_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2014.12.019","volume":"110","author":"Z Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu Z, Zhang J, Rao S, Sun L, Zhang J, Liu R, Zheng G, Ma X, Hou S, Zhuang X, et al. Heptaplex PCR melting curve analysis for rapid detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes. J Microbiol Methods. 2015;110:1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"1697_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2015.05.013","volume":"222","author":"MA Athar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Athar MA, Xu Y, Xie X, Xu Z, Ahmad V, Hayder Z, Hussain SS, Liao Y, Li Q. Rapid detection of HCV genotyping 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, 3b and 6a in a single reaction using two-melting temperature codes by a real-time PCR-based assay. J Virol Methods. 2015;222:85\u201390.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"1697_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00041444-200209000-00003","volume":"12","author":"FE McGuigan","year":"2002","unstructured":"McGuigan FE, Ralston SH. Single nucleotide polymorphism detection: allelic discrimination using TaqMan. Psychiatr Genet. 2002;12(3):133\u20136.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"1697_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1373\/49.10.1669","volume":"49","author":"H El Housni","year":"2003","unstructured":"El Housni H, Heimann P, Parma J, Vassart G. Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping by melting analysis of dual-labeled probes: examples using factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210A mutations. Clin Chem. 2003;49(10):1669\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"1697_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.4.559","volume":"13","author":"EM Elnifro","year":"2000","unstructured":"Elnifro EM, Ashshi AM, Cooper RJ, Klapper PE, Multiplex PCR. Optimization and application in diagnostic virology. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000;13(4):559\u201370.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1697_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2000.4957","volume":"290","author":"AO Crockett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Crockett AO, Wittwer CT. Fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotides for real-time pcr: using the inherent quenching of deoxyguanosine nucleotides. Anal Biochem. 2001;290(1):89\u201397.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1697_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.2144\/97221bi01","volume":"22","author":"CT Wittwer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wittwer CT, Herrmann MG, Moss AA, Rasmussen RP. Continuous fluorescence monitoring of rapid cycle DNA amplification. Biotechniques. 1997;22(1):130\u20131 134-138.","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"issue":"6","key":"1697_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.6.2227-2232.2001","volume":"39","author":"JM Logan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Logan JM, Edwards KJ, Saunders NA, Stanley J. Rapid identification of campylobacter spp. by melting peak analysis of biprobes in real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39(6):2227\u201332.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1697_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.297202","volume":"12","author":"WM Howell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Howell WM, Jobs M, Brookes AJ. iFRET: an improved fluorescence system for DNA-melting analysis. Genome Res. 2002;12(9):1401\u20137.","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1697_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.2001.0384","volume":"15","author":"DJ French","year":"2001","unstructured":"French DJ, Archard CL, Brown T, McDowell DG. HyBeacon probes: a new tool for DNA sequence detection and allele discrimination. Mol Cell Probes. 2001;15(6):363\u201374.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Probes"},{"issue":"3","key":"1697_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0396-303","volume":"14","author":"S Tyagi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tyagi S, Kramer FR. Molecular beacons: probes that fluoresce upon hybridization. Nat Biotechnol. 1996;14(3):303\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1697_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-7364-1-3-209","volume":"1","author":"YS Belousov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Belousov YS, Welch RA, Sanders S, Mills A, Kulchenko A, Dempcy R, Afonina IA, Walburger DK, Glaser CL, Yadavalli S, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping by two colour melting curve analysis using the MGB eclipse probe system in challenging sequence environment. Human genomics. 2004;1(3):209\u201317.","journal-title":"Human genomics"},{"key":"1697_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2015.05.022","volume":"484","author":"JJ Ahn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahn JJ, Kim Y, Lee SY, Hong JY, Kim GW, Hwang SY. Fluorescence melting curve analysis using self-quenching dual-labeled peptide nucleic acid probes for simultaneously identifying multiple DNA sequences. Anal Biochem. 2015;484:143\u20137.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"1697_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl1136","volume":"35","author":"EA Lukhtanov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lukhtanov EA, Lokhov SG, Gorn VV, Podyminogin MA, Mahoney W. Novel DNA probes with low background and high hybridization-triggered fluorescence. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(5):e30.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"1697_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121","volume":"28","author":"K Tamura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2011;28(10):2731\u20139.","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1697-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1697-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1697-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T06:35:16Z","timestamp":1775284516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1697-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1697-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 June 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"372"}}