{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:10:22Z","timestamp":1740143422453,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556841600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Finalizzata project code RF-2010-2318525","EMIDA goat TSE free","IZSSi08\/16 RC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Finalizzata project code RF-2010-2318525","EMIDA goat TSE free","IZSSi08\/16 RC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1870-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T15:04:30Z","timestamp":1556895870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Two novel amino acid substitutions in highly conserved regions of prion protein (PrP) and a high frequency of a scrapie protective variant in native Ethiopian goats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2084-2718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Vitale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Migliore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berhanu","family":"Tilahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mukarim","family":"Abdurahaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Tolone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignazio","family":"Sammarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Marco Lo Presti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Endrias Zewdu","family":"Gebremedhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1870_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2406.172007","volume":"24","author":"B Babelhadj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Babelhadj B, Di Bari M, Pirisinu L, Chiappini B, Gaouar S, Riccardi G, et al. Prion disease in dromedary camels, Algeria. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(6):1029\u201336. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2406.172007\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"1870_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2013.100","volume":"45","author":"JH Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee JH, Bae SE, Jung S, Ahn I, Son HS. Discriminant analysis of prion sequences for prediction of susceptibility. Exp Mol Med. 2013;45(10):e48.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1870_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408937102","volume":"102","author":"DA Lysek","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lysek DA, Schorn C, Nivon LG, Esteve-Moya V, Christen B, Calzolai L, von Schroetter C, Fiorito F, Herrmann T, Guntert P, Wuthrich K. Prion protein NMR structures of cats, dogs, pigs, and sheep. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(3):640\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1870_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138718","volume":"318","author":"J Collinge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Collinge J, Clarke AR. A general model of prion strains and their pathogenicity. Science. 2007;318:930\u20136.","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"8","key":"1870_CR5","first-page":"4962","volume":"15","author":"EFSA Biohaz Panel","year":"2017","unstructured":"EFSA Biohaz Panel. Genetic resistance to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) in goats. EFSA J. 2017;15(8):4962.","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"1870_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81485-0","volume":"87","author":"G Vaccari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vaccari G, Di Bari MA, Morelli L, Nonno R, Chiappini B, Antonucci G, Marcon S, Fazzi P, Palazzini N, Troiano P, Petrella A, Di Guardo G, Agrimi U. Identification of an allelic variant of the goat PrP gene associated with resistance to scrapie. J Gen Virol. 2006;87:1395\u2013402.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"1870_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.006114-0","volume":"90","author":"F Barillet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barillet F, Mariat D, Amigues Y, Faugeras R, Caillat H, Moazami-Goudarzi K, Rupp R, Babilliot JM, Lacroux C, Lugan S, Schelcher F, Chartier C, Corbi\u00e8re F, Andr\u00e9oletti O, Perrin-Chauvineau C. Identification of seven haplotypes of the caprine PrP gene at codons 127, 142, 154,211, 222 and 240 in French alpine and Saanen breeds and their association with classical scrapie. J. Gen. Virol. 2009;90:769\u201376.","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"1870_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-8","volume":"43","author":"PL Acutis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Acutis PL, Martucci F, D'Angelo A, Peletto S, Colussi S, Maurella C, Porcario C, Iulini B, Mazza M, Dell\u2019Atti L, Zuccon F, Corona C, Martinelli N, Casalone C, Caramelli M, Lombardi G. Resistance to classical scrapie in experimentally challenged goats carrying mutation K222of the prion protein gene. Vet Res. 2012;43:8\u201317.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1870_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02074-13","volume":"88","author":"P Aguilar-Calvo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aguilar-Calvo P, Espinosa JC, Pintado B, Guti\u00e9rrez-Ad\u00e1n A, Alamillo E, Miranda A, Prieto I, Bossers A, Andreoletti O, Torres JM. Role of the goat K222-PrP(C) polymorphic variant in prion infection resistance. J.Virol. 2014;88(5):2670\u20136.","journal-title":"J.Virol."},{"issue":"5","key":"1870_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02872-13","volume":"88","author":"C Lacroux","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lacroux C, Perrin-Chauvineau C, Corbi\u00e8re F, Aron N, Aguilar-Calvo P, Torres JM, Costes P, Bremaud I, Lugan S, Schelcher F, Barillet F, Andreoletti O. Genetic resistance to scrapie infection in experimentally challenged goats. J Virol. 2014;88(5):2406\u201313.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1870_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.09.013","volume":"173","author":"P Papasavva-Stylianou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Papasavva-Stylianou P, Kleanthous M, Toumazos P, Mavrikiou P, Loucaides P. Novel polymorphisms at codons 146 and 151 in the prion protein gene of Cyprus goats, and their association with natural scrapie. Vet J. 2007;173:459\u201362.","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"1870_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01142-17","volume":"91","author":"P Papasavva-Stylianou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Papasavva-Stylianou P, Mathieson Simmons M, Ortiz-Pelaez A, Windl O, Spiropoulos J, Soteria G. Effect of polymorphisms at codon 146 of the goat PRNP gene on susceptibility to challenge with classical scrapie by different routes. J Virol. 2017;91:22.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1870_CR13","volume-title":"FAOStat official live animals data, food and agriculture organization of the United Nations (FAO)","author":"FAO","year":"2017","unstructured":"FAO. FAOStat official live animals data, food and agriculture organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2017."},{"key":"1870_CR14","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The opportunities and challenges of enhancing goat production in East Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at Debub University, Awassa, Ethiopia from November","author":"A Tsegahun","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tsegahun A, Lemma S, Sebsbie A, Mekoya A, Sileshi Z. National goat research strategy in Ethiopia. In: The opportunities and challenges of enhancing goat production in East Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at Debub University, Awassa, Ethiopia from November, vol. 10; 2000. p. 1\u20135."},{"key":"1870_CR15","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Goat types of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Physical description and management systems","author":"Farm-Africa","year":"1996","unstructured":"Farm-Africa. Goat types of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Physical description and management systems. Published jointly by FARM-Africa, London, and ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi; 1996. p. 76."},{"key":"1870_CR16","volume-title":"PhD thesis. Karnal (Haryana)","author":"TA Tucho","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tucho TA. Genetic characterization of indigenous goat populations of Ethiopia using microsatellite DNA markers. In: PhD thesis. Karnal (Haryana). India: National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University; 2004."},{"key":"1870_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0684-x","volume":"12","author":"V Srithayakumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Srithayakumar V, Mitchell GB, White BN. Identification of amino acid variation in the prion protein associated with classical scrapie in Canadian dairy goats. BMC Vet Res. 2016;12:59.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"42","key":"1870_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21857","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.743435","volume":"291","author":"U Slap\u0161ak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slap\u0161ak U, Salzano G, Ladan A, Abskharon RNN, Ilc G, Zupan\u010di\u010d B, Biljan I, Plavec J, Giachin G, Legname G. The N Terminus of the Prion Protein Mediates Functional Interactions with the Neuronal Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) Fibronectin Domain. J Biol Chem. 2016;291(42):21857\u201368.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1870_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-110","volume":"42","author":"W Goldmann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goldmann W, Ryan K, Stewart P, Parnham D, Xicohtencatl R, et al. Caprine prion gene polymorphisms are associated with decreased incidence of classical scrapie in goat herds in the United Kingdom. Vet Res. 2011;42:110\u20137.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1870_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61118","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061118","volume":"8","author":"C Ac\u00edn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ac\u00edn C, Mart\u00edn-Burriel I, Monle\u00f3n E, Lyahyai J, Pitarch JL, Serrano C, Monz\u00f3n M, Zaragoza P, Badiola JJ. Prion protein gene variability in Spanish goats. Inference through susceptibility to classical scrapie strains and pathogenic distribution of peripheral PrP(sc.). PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61118.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"1870_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12291","volume":"46","author":"RP Dassanayake","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dassanayake RP, White SN, Madsen-Bouterse SA, Schneider DA, O'Rourke KI. Role of the PRNP S127 allele in experimental infection of goats with classical caprine scrapie. Anim Genet. 2015;46(3):341. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/age.12291\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Anim Genet"},{"key":"1870_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18953","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.341677","volume":"287","author":"K Salamat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salamat K, Moudjou M, Chapuis J, Herzog L, Jaumain E, B\u00e9ringue V, Rezaei H, Pastore A, Laude H, Dron M. Integrity of helix 2-helix 3 domain of the PrP protein is not mandatory for prion replication. J Biol Chem. 2012;287:18953\u201364.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1870_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2009.12.002","volume":"35","author":"HF Ji","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ji HF, Zhang HY. \u03b2-Sheet constitution of prion proteins. Trends Biochem Sci. 2010;35:129.","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1870_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03703.x","volume":"104","author":"PL Acutis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Acutis PL, Colussi S, Santagada G, Laurenza C, Maniaci MG, Riina MV, Peletto S, Goldmann W, Bossers A, Caramelli M, Cristoferi I, Maione S, Sacchi P, Rasero R. Genetic variability of the PRNP gene in goat breeds from northern and southern Italy. J Appl Microbiol. 2008;104(6):1782\u20139.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"1870_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80525-0","volume":"86","author":"RM Barron","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barron RM, Baybutt H, Tuzi NL, McCormack J, King D, Moore RC, Melton DW, Manson JC. Polymorphisms at codons 108 and 189 in murine PrP play distinct roles in the control of scrapie incubation time. J Gen Virol. 2005;86:859\u2013868.27.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"1870_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.047225-0","volume":"94","author":"F Corbi\u00e8re","year":"2013","unstructured":"Corbi\u00e8re F, Perrin-Chauvineau C, Lacroux C, Costes P, Thomas M, Br\u00e9maud I, Martin S, Lugan S, Chartier C, Schelcher F, Barillet F, Andreoletti O. PrP-associated resistance to scrapie in five highly infected goat herds. J Gen Virol. 2013;94:241\u20135.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol."},{"key":"1870_CR27","unstructured":"Kipanyula MJ. Prion protein gene haplotypes distribution among indigenous goat ecotypes in Tanzania. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2016;28. Retrieved April 24, 2019, from \n                    http:\/\/www.lrrd.org\/lrrd28\/2\/kipa28015.html\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"2","key":"1870_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s12041-017-0763-1","volume":"96","author":"H Meydan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meydan H, Pehlivan E, \u00d6zkan MM, Yildiz MA, Goldmann W. Prion protein gene polymorphisms in Turkish native goat breeds. J Genet. 2017;96(2):299\u2013305.","journal-title":"J Genet"},{"key":"1870_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103521","volume":"178","author":"W Goldmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goldmann W, Marier E, Stewart P, Konold T, Street S, Langeveld J, Windl O, Ortiz-Pelaez A. Prion protein genotype survey confirms low frequency of scrapie- resistant K222 allele in British goat herds. Vet Rec. 2016;178:168.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"5","key":"1870_CR30","first-page":"553","volume":"40","author":"S White","year":"2008","unstructured":"White S, Herrmann-Hoesing L, O\u2019Rourke K, Waldron D, Rowe J, Alverson J. Prion gene (PRNP) haplotype variation in United States goat breeds (open access publication). Genet Sel Evol. 2008;40(5):553\u201361.","journal-title":"Genet Sel Evol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1870_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/jbg.12211","volume":"133","author":"JJ Windig","year":"2016","unstructured":"Windig JJ, Hoving RA, Priem J, Bossers A, van Keulen LJ, Langeveld JP. Variation in the prion protein sequence in Dutch goat breeds. J Anim Breed Genet. 2016;133(5):366\u201374.","journal-title":"J Anim Breed Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"1870_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2972","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2972","volume":"10","author":"European Food Safety Authority","year":"2012","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority. Scientific and technical assistance on the provisional results of the study on genetic resistance to classical scrapie in goats in Cyprus. EFSA J. 2012;10(11):2972.","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1870_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0766-9","volume":"12","author":"M Vitale","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vitale M, Migliore S, La Giglia M, Alberti P, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Langeveld JP. BMC scrapie incidence and PRNP polymorphisms: rare small ruminant breeds of Sicily with TSE protecting genetic reservoirs. BMC Vet Res. 2016;12(1):141.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1870_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s12041-017-0776-9","volume":"96","author":"S Migliore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Migliore S, Agnello S, D\u2019Avola S, Goldmann W, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Vitale M. Cross-sectional study of PRNP gene in two native Sicilian goat populations in Italy; a relation between prion gene polymorphisms and scrapie incidence. J Genet. 2017;96(2):319\u201325.","journal-title":"J Genet"},{"key":"1870_CR35","first-page":"30","volume-title":"The origins and development of African livestock: archaeology, genetics, linguistics and ethnography","author":"J Clutton-Brock","year":"2000","unstructured":"Clutton-Brock J. Cattle, sheep, and goats south of the Sahara: an archaezoological perspective. In: Blench RM, MacDonald KC, editors. The origins and development of African livestock: archaeology, genetics, linguistics and ethnography. London: UCL Press; 2000. p. 30\u20137."},{"key":"1870_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.an.21.100192.001013","volume":"21","author":"AB Smith","year":"1992","unstructured":"Smith AB. Origins and spread of pastoralism in Africa. Annu Rev Anthropol. 1992;21:125\u201341.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anthropol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1870_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2017.1420430","volume":"17","author":"K Fantazi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fantazi K, Migliore S, Kdidi S, Racinaro L, Tefiel H, Boukhari R, Federico G, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Gaouar SBS, Vitale M. Analysis of differences in prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphisms between Algerian and southern Italy\u2019s goats. Ital J Ani Sci. 2018;17(3):578\u201385.","journal-title":"Ital J Ani Sci"},{"key":"1870_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2009.01873.x","volume":"40","author":"C Serrano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Serrano C, Hammouchi M, Benomar A, Lyahyai J, Ranera B, Ac\u00ecn C, el Hamidi M, Monz\u00f2n M, Badiola JJ, Tligui N, Zaragoza P, Mart\u00edn-Burriel I. PRNP haplotype distribution in Moroccan goats. Anim Gen. 2009;40:565\u20138.","journal-title":"Anim Gen"},{"key":"1870_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-011-0064-2","volume":"44","author":"H Hassen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hassen H, Lababidi S, Rischkowsky B, Lababidi S, Rischkowsky B, Baum M, Tibbo M. Molecular characterization of Ethiopian indigenous goat populations. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2012;44:1239. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-011-0064-2\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"1870_CR40","unstructured":"Mekuriaw G. Molecular characterization of Ethiopian indigenous goat populations: Genetic diversity and structure, demographic dynamics and assessment of the kisspeptin gene polymorphism, PhD thesis in Applied Genetics. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University; 2016. \n                    http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/76315"},{"key":"1870_CR41","unstructured":"Awgichew K, Abegaz S. Breed of sheep and goats. In: Yami A, Merkel RC, editors. Sheep and goat production handbook for Ethiopia: Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program (ESGPIP); 2008. p. 5\u201326. \n                    http:\/\/www.igadhost.com\/igaddata\/docs\/Sheep%20and%20Goat%20Production%20Hand%20Book%20for%20ETHIOPIA.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1870_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2015.01.029","volume":"125","author":"Sergio Migliore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Migliore S, Agnello S, Chiappini B, Vaccari G, Mignacca SA, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Di Domenico F, Vitale M. Biodiversity and selection for scrapie resistance in goats: genetic polymorphism in \u201cGirgentana\u201d breed in Sicily, Italy. Small Rum Res. 2015;125:137\u201341.","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Research"},{"issue":"37","key":"1870_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.22981","volume":"25","author":"JT Den Dunnen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Den Dunnen JT, Dalgleish R, Maglott DR, Hart RK, Greenblatt MS, McGowan-Jordan J, Roux A, Smith T, Antonarakis SE, Taschner PEM. HGVS recommendations for the description of sequence variants: 2016 update. Hum Mutat. 2016;25(37):564\u2013569 HGVS.","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-019-1870-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-019-1870-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-019-1870-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T23:14:28Z","timestamp":1588374868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-019-1870-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-019-1870-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1746-6148"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animals were handled strictly in accordance with the good animal practice in order to minimize animal sufferings during blood sampling. An informed verbal consent was obtained from the animal owners, due to their illiteracy. This procedure was approved by the ethical committee of the Ambo University since no damage to the animals was involved and no diffusion of private information was implicated. For the purpose of this study, we used the blood samples from animals collected as the routine activity of a research project on surveillance of animal diseases of zoonotic importance that was approved by the ethical committee for animal experimentation of the Ambo University, Ethiopia (Ref. No. RD\/AREC\/004\/2016).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors declare that no conflict of interest is present. The work is an original paper and is not under consideration in other journals.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"128"}}