{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:45:24Z","timestamp":1792806324732,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007917","name":"Agricultural Research Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3040-32000-034-00D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3040-32000-034-00D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1887-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T14:03:51Z","timestamp":1558533831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Longitudinal study of humoral immunity to bovine coronavirus, virus shedding, and treatment for bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned beef calves"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2852-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aspen M.","family":"Workman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry A.","family":"Kuehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara G.","family":"McDaneld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Clawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Dustin","family":"Loy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1887_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30302-9","volume":"13","author":"D Griffin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Griffin D. Economic impact associated with respiratory disease in beef cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 1997;13(3):367\u201377.","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"1887_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2010.04.004","volume":"26","author":"D Griffin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Griffin D, Chengappa MM, Kuszak J, McVey DS. Bacterial pathogens of the bovine respiratory disease complex. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2010;26(2):381\u201394.","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"1887_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252314000176","volume":"15","author":"D Mosier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mosier D. Review of BRD pathogenesis: the old and the new. Anim Health Res Rev. 2014;15(2):166\u20138.","journal-title":"Anim Health Res Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"1887_CR4","first-page":"1095","volume":"51","author":"JD Taylor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Taylor JD, Fulton RW, Lehenbauer TW, Step DL, Confer AW. The epidemiology of bovine respiratory disease: what is the evidence for predisposing factors? The Canadian veterinary journal La revue veterinaire canadienne. 2010;51(10):1095\u2013102.","journal-title":"The Canadian veterinary journal La revue veterinaire canadienne"},{"issue":"2","key":"1887_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252309990247","volume":"10","author":"DS McVey","year":"2009","unstructured":"McVey DS. BRD research needs in the next 10-20 years. Anim Health Res Rev. 2009;10(2):165\u20137.","journal-title":"Anim Health Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1887_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2010.04.005","volume":"26","author":"LJ Saif","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saif LJ. Bovine respiratory coronavirus. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2010;26(2):349\u201364.","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"1887_CR7","first-page":"191","volume":"75","author":"RW Fulton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fulton RW, Step DL, Wahrmund J, Burge LJ, Payton ME, Cook BJ, Burken D, Richards CJ, Confer AW. Bovine coronavirus (BCV) infections in transported commingled beef cattle and sole-source ranch calves. Can J Vet Res. 2011;75(3):191\u20139.","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"1887_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.1599","volume":"216","author":"J Storz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Storz J, Purdy CW, Lin X, Burrell M, Truax RE, Briggs RE, Frank GH, Loan RW. Isolation of respiratory bovine coronavirus, other cytocidal viruses, and Pasteurella spp from cattle involved in two natural outbreaks of shipping fever. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000;216(10):1599\u2013604.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1887_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870802000105","volume":"20","author":"N Decaro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Decaro N, Campolo M, Desario C, Cirone F, D'Abramo M, Lorusso E, Greco G, Mari V, Colaianni ML, Elia G, et al. Respiratory disease associated with bovine coronavirus infection in cattle herds in southern Italy. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc. 2008;20(1):28\u201332.","journal-title":"Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1887_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870902100407","volume":"21","author":"RW Fulton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fulton RW, Blood KS, Panciera RJ, Payton ME, Ridpath JF, Confer AW, Saliki JT, Burge LT, Welsh RD, Johnson BJ, et al. Lung pathology and infectious agents in fatal feedlot pneumonias and relationship with mortality, disease onset, and treatments. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2009;21(4):464\u201377.","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"1887_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870601800104","volume":"18","author":"MI Gagea","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gagea MI, Bateman KG, van Dreumel T, McEwen BJ, Carman S, Archambault M, Shanahan RA, Caswell JL. Diseases and pathogens associated with mortality in Ontario beef feedlots. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2006;18(1):18\u201328.","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"1887_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.9.3291-3298.2000","volume":"38","author":"J Storz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Storz J, Lin X, Purdy CW, Chouljenko VN, Kousoulas KG, Enright FM, Gilmore WC, Briggs RE, Loan RW. Coronavirus and Pasteurella infections in bovine shipping fever pneumonia and Evans' criteria for causation. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(9):3291\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1887_CR13","first-page":"257","volume":"62","author":"SW Martin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Martin SW, Nagy E, Shewen PE, Harland RJ. The association of titers to bovine coronavirus with treatment for bovine respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves. Can J Vet Res. 1998;62(4):257\u201361.","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"1887_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.8.1412","volume":"67","author":"CJ Thomas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thomas CJ, Hoet AE, Sreevatsan S, Wittum TE, Briggs RE, Duff GC, Saif LJ. Transmission of bovine coronavirus and serologic responses in feedlot calves under field conditions. Am J Vet Res. 2006;67(8):1412\u201320.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"1887_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.78.9.1065","volume":"78","author":"AM Workman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Workman AM, Kuehn LA, McDaneld TG, Clawson ML, Chitko-McKown CG, Loy JD. Evaluation of the effect of serum antibody abundance against bovine coronavirus on bovine coronavirus shedding and risk of respiratory tract disease in beef calves from birth through the first five weeks in a feedlot. Am J Vet Res. 2017;78(9):1065\u201376.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1887_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(90)90106-6","volume":"22","author":"RA Heckert","year":"1990","unstructured":"Heckert RA, Saif LJ, Hoblet KH, Agnes AG. A longitudinal study of bovine coronavirus enteric and respiratory infections in dairy calves in two herds in Ohio. Vet Microbiol. 1990;22(2\u20133):187\u2013201.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1887_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.06.845","volume":"52","author":"RA Heckert","year":"1991","unstructured":"Heckert RA, Saif LJ, Myers GW, Agnes AG. Epidemiologic factors and isotype-specific antibody responses in serum and mucosal secretions of dairy calves with bovine coronavirus respiratory tract and enteric tract infections. Am J Vet Res. 1991;52(6):845\u201351.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1887_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8493","volume":"93","author":"LN Schiermiester","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schiermiester LN, Thallman RM, Kuehn LA, Kachman SD, Spangler ML. Estimation of breed-specific heterosis effects for birth, weaning, and yearling weight in cattle. J Anim Sci. 2015;93(1):46\u201352.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1887_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.01.008","volume":"125","author":"M Boxus","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boxus M, Letellier C, Kerkhofs P. Real time RT-PCR for the detection and quantitation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. J Virol Methods. 2005;125(2):125\u201330.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"1887_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.05.016","volume":"151","author":"N Decaro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Decaro N, Elia G, Campolo M, Desario C, Mari V, Radogna A, Colaianni ML, Cirone F, Tempesta M, Buonavoglia C. Detection of bovine coronavirus using a TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR assay. J Virol Methods. 2008;151(2):167\u201371.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"1887_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870201400205","volume":"14","author":"CE Mahlum","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mahlum CE, Haugerud S, Shivers JL, Rossow KD, Goyal SM, Collins JE, Faaberg KS. Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus by TaqMan reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2002;14(2):120\u20135.","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1887_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2007.04.002","volume":"144","author":"J Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang J, O'Keefe J, Orr D, Loth L, Banks M, Wakeley P, West D, Card R, Ibata G, Van Maanen K, et al. Validation of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in bovine semen. J Virol Methods. 2007;144(1\u20132):103\u20138.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1887_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2004.07.003","volume":"65","author":"RW Humphry","year":"2004","unstructured":"Humphry RW, Cameron A, Gunn GJ. A practical approach to calculate sample size for herd prevalence surveys. Preventive veterinary medicine. 2004;65(3\u20134):173\u201388.","journal-title":"Preventive veterinary medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"1887_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638718800170","volume":"30","author":"JD Loy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Loy JD, Leger L, Workman AM, Clawson ML, Bulut E, Wang B. Development of a multiplex real-time PCR assay using two thermocycling platforms for detection of major bacterial pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease complex from clinical samples. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc. 2018;30(6):837\u201347.","journal-title":"Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1887_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03546976","volume":"32","author":"S Alenius","year":"1991","unstructured":"Alenius S, Niskanen R, Juntti N, Larsson B. Bovine coronavirus as the causative agent of winter dysentery: serological evidence. Acta Vet Scand. 1991;32(2):163\u201370.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"1887_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c4119","volume":"167","author":"A Ohlson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ohlson A, Heuer C, Lockhart C, Traven M, Emanuelson U, Alenius S. Risk factors for seropositivity to bovine coronavirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in dairy herds. Vet Rec. 2010;167(6):201\u20136.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"1887_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-181-9_5","volume":"454","author":"M Hasoksuz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hasoksuz M, Vlasova A, Saif LJ. Detection of group 2a coronaviruses with emphasis on bovine and wild ruminant strains. Virus isolation and detection of antibody, antigen, and nucleic acid. Methods Mol Biol. 2008;454:43\u201359.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"1887_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Workman AM, Dickey AM, Heaton MP, Clawson ML, Smith TP. Complete genome sequences of two genotype A2 small ruminant lentiviruses isolated from infected U.S. sheep. Genome Announc. 2017;5(13):e00109\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/genomeA.00109-17","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00109-17"},{"key":"1887_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Workman AM, Smith TP, Osorio FA, Vu HL. Complete genome sequence of highly virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variants that recently emerged in the United States. Genome Announc. 2016;4(4):e00772\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/genomeA.00772-16","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00772-16"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1887_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01310017","volume":"135","author":"MR Rekik","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rekik MR, Dea S. Comparative sequence analysis of a polymorphic region of the spike glycoprotein S1 subunit of enteric bovine coronavirus isolates. Arch Virol. 1994;135(3\u20134):319\u201331.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"1887_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82635-0","volume":"88","author":"T Kanno","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kanno T, Hatama S, Ishihara R, Uchida I. Molecular analysis of the S glycoprotein gene of bovine coronaviruses isolated in Japan from 1999 to 2006. J Gen Virol. 2007;88(Pt 4):1218\u201324.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1887_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(02)00004-7","volume":"84","author":"M Hasoksuz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hasoksuz M, Sreevatsan S, Cho KO, Hoet AE, Saif LJ. Molecular analysis of the S1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein of respiratory and enteric bovine coronavirus isolates. Virus Res. 2002;84(1\u20132):101\u20139.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1887_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","volume":"32","author":"RC Edgar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edgar RC. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(5):1792\u20137.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1887_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.2.357-362.2001","volume":"8","author":"X Lin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lin X, O'Reilly KL, Burrell ML, Storz J. Infectivity-neutralizing and hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibody responses to respiratory coronavirus infections of cattle in pathogenesis of shipping fever pneumonia. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2001;8(2):357\u201362.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1887_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050070024","volume":"145","author":"XQ Lin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lin XQ, Oe KL, Storz J, Purdy CW, Loan RW. Antibody responses to respiratory coronavirus infections of cattle during shipping fever pathogenesis. Arch Virol. 2000;145(11):2335\u201349.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1887_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2003.tb13367.x","volume":"81","author":"PM Cusack","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cusack PM, McMeniman N, Lean IJ. The medicine and epidemiology of bovine respiratory disease in feedlots. Aust Vet J. 2003;81(8):480\u20137.","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-019-1887-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-019-1887-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-019-1887-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T11:37:08Z","timestamp":1721302628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-019-1887-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-019-1887-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All experimental procedures were performed with approval and under the guidelines of the US Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC approval numbers 5438\u201331000\u2013082-04 (24) and 3040\u201332000\u2013031-07 (5)).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The use of product and company names is necessary to accurately report the methods and results; however, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the products. The use of names by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"161"}}