{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T18:40:17Z","timestamp":1780598417702,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004351","name":"Sultan Qaboos University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SR\/ANVS\/01\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/ANVS\/01\/14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004351","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> infection in farm animals in Saham, Oman, with reference to a survey carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Fisheries (MAF) for Brucellosis during the period of May to July 2016 in Saham, following an outbreak of human brucellosis. We wanted to apply different serological, bacteriological and molecular tests in a time frame (phase 1, 2 &amp; 3) with reference to the pivotal time of a human brucellosis outbreak to ascertain the status of the disease in Saham area where the MAF survey was conducted. Blood samples were collected from farm animals and sera were screened in parallel for <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> antibodies using different serological tests.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using the RBT test, phase 1 sera showed seropositivity in sheep at 2.6%, (95% CI: 0.5\u201313.5%), in camel (5.9%, 1.1\u201327.0%), but not in sera from goats and cattle (0%). Using I-ELISA, seropositivity in goat was 3.1% (0.6\u201315.8%), with no positive sheep and cattle. Using c-ELISA for camel we found a seropositivity of 5.9% (1.1\u201327.0%). Furthermore, CFT seropositivity in goats was 21.9% (CI: 11.3\u201338.9), cattle and sheep sera were negative and camel was 5.9% (1.1\u201327.0%).<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>In phase 2, the seropositivity in goats was 1.9% (1.4\u20132.6%), sheep 4.5% (3.5\u20135.8%), cattle 1.1%, (0.5\u20132.3%) and camels 18.2% (5.1\u201347.7%),<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Phase 3 sera were collected 6\u2009months after the human brucellosis outbreak. With RBT, the seropositivity in goats was 3% (1.0\u20138.5%), sheep 2% (0.6\u20137.1%) cattle 1% (0.2\u20135.5%). With I-ELISA, goats &amp; camels were negative, sheep were 3% (1.0\u20138.5%) and cattle 1% (0.2\u20135.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Moreover, <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> was isolated from a bronchial lymph node of the RBT and I-ELISA seropositive cow and confirmed by Multiplex PCR and biochemical tests.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using a retrospective study analysis of animal sera and following up after a human brucellosis outbreak, the present study showed a slight decrease in seropositivity of infected animals after the MAF implemented test and slaughter policy. The most interesting finding in this study was the isolation, identification and molecular characterization of <jats:italic>Brucella melitensis<\/jats:italic> in a cow (spillover), which is not a preferential host for <jats:italic>Brucella melitensis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2093-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T17:05:08Z","timestamp":1572282308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Investigation on Brucella infection in farm animals in Saham, Sultanate of Oman with reference to human brucellosis outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0246-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin","family":"ElTahir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anfal","family":"Al-Farsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Al-Marzooqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alghalya","family":"Al-Toobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"M. 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Johnson\ufffd\ufffd\ufffds name incorrectly whereby middle initial, \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdH.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd is mistakenly presented as a Family Name.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was not an experimental study on animals and therefore approval by the animal ethical committee at Sultan Qaboos University was not needed. The study did not involve endangered or protected species.IRB approval is deemed unnecessary according to national regulations. Permission was obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries before blood collection.A verbal consent was obtained from all farmers. In each village, a meeting was held with the community members to explain the purpose of the study. Farmers were not forced to participate in the survey, nor donate blood from their animals. Name, region and village of the farmers were registered.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"378"}}