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Bacitracin is used widely as a growth promoter in animal feed and to control the spread of necrotic enteritis in most developing countries. This study aimed to characterize a novel membrane transporter module Sst comprising SstE, SstF, and SstG for bacitracin resistance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Comparative genomics and protein homology analysis found a potential efflux pump SstFEG encoded upstream of well-known bacitracin-resistance genes <jats:italic>bceAB<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>bceRS<\/jats:italic>. A four-fold decrease in bacitracin susceptibility was observed in <jats:italic>sstFEG<\/jats:italic> deletion mutant comparing with <jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic> wildtype strain CZ130302. Further studies indicated that the bacitracin tolerance mediated by SstFEG is not only independent of the BceAB transporter, but also regulated by the two-component system BceSR. Given that SstFEG are harbored by almost all virulent strains, but not in the avirulent strains, we managed to explore its potential role in bacterial pathogencity. Indeed, our results showed that SstFEG is involved in <jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic> colonization and virulence in animal infection model by its potential competitive survival advantage against host bactericidal effect.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first study to functionally characterize the bacitracin efflux pump in <jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic> to provide evidence regarding the important roles of the novel ABC transporter system SstFEG with respect to drug resistance and virulence.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2115-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T17:05:08Z","timestamp":1572282308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Bacitracin resistance and enhanced virulence of Streptococcus suis via a novel efflux pump"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jiale","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangjin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huochun","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7560-6408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zihao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2115_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00235","volume":"2","author":"C Palmieri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Palmieri C, Varaldo PE, Facinelli B. 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Methods. 2001;25(4):402\u20138.","journal-title":"Methods"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-019-2115-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-019-2115-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-019-2115-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:15:39Z","timestamp":1603757739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-019-2115-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-019-2115-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animal experiments in this study were carried out in the Laboratory Animal Center of Nanjing Agricultural University and approved by Laboratory Animal Monitoring Committee of Jiangsu Province, China [Permitted number: SYXK (SU) 2017\u20130007]. All efforts were made to minimize suffering.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"377"}}