{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:11:08Z","timestamp":1790475068276,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2017YFD0501304 and 2016YFC1201602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0501304 and 2016YFC1201602"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31672542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Education Department in Guangdong Province of China","award":["2014KTSPT037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014KTSPT037"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>, an intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite, can infect almost all warm-blooded animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> oocyst-driven infection in pigs, chickens and humans in Jilin province, northeastern China.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The serum samples of pigs, chickens and humans were sampled and tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using dense granule antigen GRA7, oocyst-specific protein OWP8, and sporozoite-specific protein CCp5A, respectively. Results showed a prevalence of 16.7% by GRA7-ELISA, and 12.2% by OWP8- and CCp5A-ELISA in pigs; 10.4% by GRA7-ELISA, 13.5% by OWP8-ELISA, and 9.4% by CCp5A-ELISA in chickens; and 14.2% by GRA7-ELISA, 3.6% by OWP8-ELISA, and 3.0% by CCp5A-ELISA in humans. No significant differences were observed between <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence in pigs and chickens among the three antigens-based ELISAs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). However, there were significant differences between <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence rates in humans (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These findings demonstrated a low prevalence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> oocyst-driven infection in humans, a medium prevalence in pigs, and a high prevalence in chickens.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study demonstrated that different oocyst-driven infection rates in different animal species, which would help to design effective strategies to prevent <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> transmission. To our knowledge, this is the first study to differentiate <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infective forms in pigs, chickens and humans in China.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2121-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T18:01:55Z","timestamp":1572026515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Toxoplasma gondii oocyst-driven infection in pigs, chickens and humans in northeastern China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze-Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"El-Ashram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3411-3196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2121_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-165","volume":"4","author":"P Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou P, Chen Z, Li HL, Zheng H, He S, Lin RQ, et al. 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We obtained the informed written consent from all animal owners and human participants. All animals used in this study were handled in accordance with the Guiding Principles of Animal Experiments by the Chinese Society of Laboratory Animal Sciences.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"366"}}