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At present, few available molecular data can be used to understand the features of genetic diversity of these pathogens in areas without or less intensive farming. Dominated by grazing, Tibet is a separate geographic unit in China and yaks are in frequent contact with local herdsmen and necessary for their daily life. Therefore, to investigate the distribution of these pathogens in yaks of Tibet, 577 fecal specimens were screened using nested PCR for the presence and genotypes of the three intestinal pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The overall prevalence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>duodenalis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>bieneusi<\/jats:italic> were 1.4% (8\/577), 1.7% (10\/577), and 5.0% (29\/577), respectively. <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium andersoni<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium bovis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091) were detected by sequence analysis of the SSU rRNA gene. Genotyping at the SSU rRNA and triosephosphate isomerase genes suggested that all <jats:italic>G. duodenalis<\/jats:italic> positive specimens belonged to assemblage E. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer gene identified six known <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>bieneusi<\/jats:italic> genotypes: BEB4 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911), I (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096), D (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095), J (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), CHC8 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091), and BEB6 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091). One subtype (A5,A4,A2,A1) for <jats:italic>C. andersoni<\/jats:italic> and three multilocus genotypes for <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>bieneusi<\/jats:italic> were identified by multilocus sequence typing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We report for the first time the status of three enteric pathogens infection simultaneously for grazing yaks in Tibet. Yaks in our study are likely to impose a low zoonotic risk for humans. The molecular epidemiology data add to our knowledge of the characteristics of distribution and transmission for these pathogens in Tibet and their zoonotic potential and public health significance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2172-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T16:03:17Z","timestamp":1574352197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Molecular characterization and distribution of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi from yaks in Tibet, China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yayun","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yankai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuancai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongfang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuangjian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuchun","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changshen","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiakui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5706-131X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longxian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2172_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.03.018","volume":"124","author":"L Xiao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xiao L. 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All applicable international, national and institutional guidelines for animal care and use were observed. In addition, the research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Henan Agricultural University. No yaks were injured during specimen collection, and no endangered or protected species were involved in the present study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"417"}}