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This study was aimed at using molecular tools to establish zoonotic transmission of tuberculosis between pastoralists and their cattle in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Sputum (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009149) and milk (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009144) samples from pastoralists and cattle, respectively were screened on the assumption of subclinical infections considering unguarded human-livestock interactions. Isolates obtained were analysed using deletion typing, spoligotyping and 24-Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fifty-four MTC were confirmed by deletion typing and were differentiated accordingly (<jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>: pastoralists =42, cattle\u2009=\u20092; <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>: pastoralists =1; <jats:italic>M. africanum<\/jats:italic>: pastoralists =9). Spoligotyping indicated 59.2% Uganda I\/SIT46 (pastoralists =28; cattle\u2009=\u20091), 16.3% Latin American Mediterranean\/SIT61 (pastoralists =8), 2.0% T\/SIT53 (pastoralists =1) strains of <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> and new strains of <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M. africanum<\/jats:italic>. The 24-MIRU-VNTR of selected predominant cluster isolates shared by cattle and pastoralists (Uganda I\/SIT46: pastoralists =9; cattle\u2009=\u20091) showed the same number of copies at each of the repetitive loci.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic> was confirmed in humans and a reverse zoonotic tuberculosis transmission from an emerging Uganda I <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> strain between pastoralists and cattle in Nigeria evidenced by MIRU-VNTR. Using molecular tools will help mitigate disease burden through informed epidemiological insights.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2185-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T19:03:28Z","timestamp":1575486208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Reverse zoonotic tuberculosis transmission from an emerging Uganda I strain between pastoralists and cattle in South-Eastern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5050-8580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hezekiah Kehinde","family":"Adesokan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Oluwatoyin","family":"Akinseye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Maria","family":"Streicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Van Helden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob Mark","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simeon Idowu","family":"Cadmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2185_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD). 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Oral consent was obtained from each participant since many of them could not read or write. The Confidentiality of the participants was maintained by using codes on the sputum cups. Oral consents obtained were documented in the research notebook against the respective codes. Using oral consents in such settings as this is in line with the institutional ethics committees of the University which approved the protocols. Participants who were confirmed to have TB were connected to the Directly Observed Therapy Short-Course centres close to them for treatment and follow-up. The pastoralists with infected herds were advised to present their herds to the Veterinary Department of the state for tuberculin screening.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"437"}}