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Both are transmitted from animals to humans by direct contact or through contaminated equipment. Bears are frequently found in Chinese zoos as ornamental animals as well as farmed as commercial animals, and are therefore in close contact with zoo- or farm-keepers, but the prevalence and zoonotic potential of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. bieneusi<\/jats:italic> in bears is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to provide data on the occurrence and genetic diversity of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. bieneusi<\/jats:italic> in Asiatic black bears from Heilongjiang and Fujian, China. From May 2015 to December 2017, 218 fresh fecal specimens were collected from captive Asiatic black bears in Heilongjiang (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200936) and Fujian (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009182), China. <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. bieneusi<\/jats:italic> were examined by PCR amplification of the partial small subunit of ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA, respectively. <jats:italic>C. andersoni-<\/jats:italic>positive isolates were subtyped through PCR analysis of the four minisatellite\/microsatellite (MS1, MS2, MS3 and MS16) loci.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The overall prevalence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. bieneusi<\/jats:italic> were 2.4% (4\/218) and 6.4% (14\/218), respectively, with 2.8% (1\/36) and 22.2% (8\/36) in the Heilongjiang Province, and 1.6% (3\/182) and 3.3% (6\/182) in the Fujian Province. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> species: <jats:italic>C. andersoni<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) and a genotype termed <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> rat genotype IV (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091). All three identified <jats:italic>C. andersoni<\/jats:italic> belonged to the MLST subtype A4, A4, A4, A1. Two known <jats:italic>E. bieneusi<\/jats:italic> genotypes D (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094) and SC02 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) were identified, both of which belong to zoonotic Group 1.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is the first report of <jats:italic>C. andersoni<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> rat genotype IV in bears. The discovery of the zoonotic potential of <jats:italic>E. bieneusi<\/jats:italic> genotype D in bears highlights its significant zoonotic potential and potential threat to human health.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02292-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T05:04:24Z","timestamp":1583816664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prevalence and genotypic identification of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in captive Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in Heilongjiang and Fujian provinces of China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sheng-Nan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan-Huan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Shi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"2292_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182014001085","volume":"141","author":"U Ryan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ryan U, Fayer R, Xiao L. 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The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Northeast Forestry University. Prior to the collection of fecal specimens, permission was obtained from zoo-keeper and bear farm managers for animal involvement. No animals were injured during the study protocols.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"84"}}