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Knowledge on the infection of this endangered species is still at its infancy, and therefore this study aims to identify clinical presentation and clinicopathological findings of tigers naturally infected by\n                      <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tigers either\n                      <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive (group A) or -negative (group B) were apparently healthy or presented visceral leishmaniasis unrelated conditions, except for one animal in which a large non-healing cutaneous lesion was observed. However, histological exam and immunohistochemistry carried out on the lesion excluded the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      amastigotes. Biochemical analysis showed that the average concentration of total proteins, globulins and haptoglobin were significantly higher (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02, respectively), while the albumin\/globulin ratio significantly lower (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05) in group A compared with group B. The biochemical alterations were partially confirmed by the serum protein electrophoresis results revealing a significant increase in the total protein value (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01) and hypergammaglobulinemia (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) but an unmodified albumin\/globulin ratio in group A.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study tigers infected by\n                      <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      have shown to be mainly asymptomatic. The absence of clinical signs may lead veterinarians to overlook leishmaniasis in animals kept in captivity. Therefore, diagnostic and screening tests as serology should be part of routinely surveillance programs to be performed on tigers in zoological gardens located in endemic areas. Though only few protein-related laboratory abnormalities were recorded in infected animals, they could provide diagnostic clues for a first suspicion of\n                      <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in tigers. Indeed, considering the high risk of zoonotic transmission in heavily frequented environment as zoos, a prompt diagnosis of\n                      <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection is of pivotal importance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02419-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T08:02:48Z","timestamp":1592812968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in tigers infected by Leishmania infantum"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maria Alfonsa","family":"Cavalera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Iatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Laricchiuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Passantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Abramo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jairo Alfonso","family":"Mendoza-Roldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Otranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0001-7710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Zatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2419_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3296893","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3296893","volume":"2018","author":"RR Ribeiro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ribeiro RR, Michalick MSM, da Silva ME, Dos Santos CCP, Fr\u00e9zard FJG, da Silva SM. 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Furthermore, the protocol of this study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Italy (authorization Prot. Uniba 9\/19).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests for the submission of this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"214"}}