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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and histological findings of the affected spinal cord are included in this case report. This case differs from previously reported cases in terms of localization and minimal extent of the congenital anomaly, clinical symptoms and findings during further examinations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>The calf was presented to the Farm Animal Health clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, with an abnormal, stiff, \u2018bunny-hop\u2019 gait of the pelvic limbs. Prominent clinical findings included general proprioceptive ataxia with paraparesis, pathological spinal reflexes of the pelvic limbs and pollakiuria. MRI revealed a focal dilated central canal, and mid-sagittal T2 hyperintense band in the dorsal part of the spinal cord at the level of the third to fourth lumbar vertebra. By means of histology, the calf was diagnosed with focal diplomyelia at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra, a rare congenital malformation of the spinal cord. The calf tested positive for Schmallenberg virus antibodies, however this is not considered to be part of the pathogenesis of the diplomyelia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case report adds value to future clinical practice, as it provides a clear description of focal diplomyelia as a previously unreported lesion and details its diagnosis using advanced imaging and histology. This type of lesion should be included in the differential diagnoses when a calf is presented with a general proprioceptive ataxia of the hind limbs. In particular, a \u2018bunny-hop\u2019 gait of the pelvic limbs is thought to be a specific clinical symptom of diplomyelia. This case report is of clinical and scientific importance as it demonstrates the possibility of a focal microscopic diplomyelia, which would not be evident by gross examination alone, as a cause of hind-limb ataxia. The aetiology of diplomyelia in calves remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02580-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T12:02:53Z","timestamp":1603281773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical, MRI, and histopathological findings of congenital focal diplomyelia at the level of L4 in a female crossbred calf"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gerlinde J.","family":"Wunderink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula E. 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The Farm Animal Health clinic is a closed clinic due to the fact that the bought animals do not return to the former owner. The calf described in this case report was also bought by the Farm Animal Health clinic for educational purposes. With every purchase, a sales contract is signed by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, and the livestock farmer. The ethics committee (DEC, Utrecht, The Netherlands) approves the use of these animals for educational purposes (ethics approval code: AVD 108002015147).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Identifying images of an individual are included in Additional file. This individual (GW, first author) has approved the use of this video by means of a written consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"398"}}