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It is a common congenital disorder, causing economic loss in pig production. However, there have been only limited studies of differential protein expression profiles in undescended testes (UDTs) in the abdomen and descended testes (DTs) in cryptorchid pigs, especially at the peptidome and proteome levels. The present study aimed to analyze the peptidome of UDTs and DTs in unilateral cryptorchid pigs aged 1\u20132, 6, 15 and 20\u2009weeks and in normal testes of healthy pigs aged 1\u20132 and 12\u2009weeks, using peptide mass fingerprinting and three-dimensional principal component analysis (3D-PCA) with matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and to identify potential protein candidates, using in-gel digestion coupled with mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS\/MS). Western blot analysis was used to verify protein expression. Protein sequence was affirmed by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A PCA plot showed a discrete cluster for each sample group. Peptide mass fingerprints (PMFs) demonstrated unique peptide fragments in UDTs at different ages. A number of markedly expressed proteins from GeLC-MS\/MS were identified, including the multifunctional tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 (TNFRSF18), in DTs at 1\u20132 and 6\u2009weeks and in UDTs at 15 and 20\u2009weeks of age. Using western blot analysis, high expression of TNFRSF18 was observed in the UDTs at 15\u2009weeks. Using the STITCH database, this protein was found to be related to apoptosis, corresponding to the previous report in the UDTs at the same age.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present study revealed the specific PMFs and clusters for porcine cryptorchidism, and a novel protein, TNFRSF18, associated with the disease mechanism. These results could provide further insights into the pathogenesis of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02591-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T14:02:56Z","timestamp":1601647376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Proteomic profiles of unilateral cryptorchidism in pigs at different ages using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and in-gel digestion coupled with mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS\/MS) approaches"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nathamon","family":"Yimpring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sittiruk","family":"Roytrakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janthima","family":"Jaresitthikunchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narumon","family":"Phaonakrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sucheewin","family":"Krobthong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8961-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunnaporn","family":"Suriyaphol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2591_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-06-0272","volume":"133","author":"RP Amann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amann RP, Veeramachaneni DN. 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The owners gave consent for their animals to be part of this study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the pig farm owners for publication of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The corresponding author, Dr. Gunnaporn Suriyaphol, is an Associate Editor of this journal. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"373"}}