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This study aimed to evaluate the changes of a panel of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in dogs with different stages of HF and its relation with the severity of the disease and echocardiographic changes. A total of 29\u00a0dogs with HF as a result of myxomatous mitral valve degeneration or dilated cardiomyopathy were included and\u00a0classified as stage-A (healthy), B (asymptomatic dogs), C (symptomatic dogs) and D (dogs with end-stage HF) according to the ACVIM staging system. In these dogs an ecnhocardiographic examination was performed and cytokines, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were evaluated\u00a0in serum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      KC-like was significantly increased in dogs of stage-C (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and -D (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) compared with stage-A and -B. Stage-D dogs showed significantly higher serum CRP and Hp (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) but lower serum antioxidant capacity (PON1, TEAC, CUPRAC, and thiol) compared to stage-A and -B (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). After the treatment, serum levels of CRP, Hp and KC-like decreased and serum antioxidant levels increased compared to their pre-treatment values. Left ventricular dimension and LA\/Ao ratio correlated positively with CRP, MCP-1, and KC-like but negatively with PON1, GM-CSF, IL-7 and antioxidant biomarkers (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results showed that dogs with advanced HF show increases in positive acute-phase proteins and selected inflammatory cytokines such as\u00a0KC-like, and decreases in antioxidant biomarkers, indicating that inflammation and oxidative stress act as collaborative partners in the pathogenesis of HF. Some of these biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress could\u00a0have the potential to be biomarkers to monitor the severity of the disease and the effect of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02650-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T21:03:22Z","timestamp":1604955802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Changes of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in dogs with different stages of heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9293-4147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Peres","family":"Rubio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1094-880X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Saril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2849-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meri\u00e7","family":"Kocaturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9948-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryou","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8616-7888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorgen","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8654-1793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Joaquin","family":"Ceron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9836-0749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeki","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2650_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6393","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X20176393","volume":"50","author":"GA Ribeiro-Samora","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ribeiro-Samora GA, Rabelo LA, Ferreira ACC, Favero M, Guedes GS, Pereira LSM, Parreira VF, Britto RR. 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