{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:28:21Z","timestamp":1780583301129,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Canine cervical spondylomyelopathy can be separated into osseous and disc-associated (DA-CSM) forms. Our aim was to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (using a high-field scanner) and neurological findings in dogs with DA-CSM and investigate a relationship between these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-three dogs were included: 60\/63 (95\u2009%) were large breeds, with Doberman Pinschers and males over-represented (70\u2009%). Mean and median age at the time of diagnosis was 7.25 and 7.2 years (range 0.41\u201312 years). Chronic signs were noted in 52\/63 (83\u2009%) dogs, with proprioceptive ataxia the most common. Main site of spinal cord compression was commonly C6-7 or C5-6. Thirty-six (57\u2009%) dogs had various sites of spinal cord compression. Most dogs younger than 6 years of age had a single affected site. Foraminal stenosis was present in 51\/63 dogs (81\u2009%). T2-weighted hyperintensity was present in 40\/63 dogs (63\u2009%). 88\u2009% of the articular processes showed degenerative changes, which correlated strongly with intervertebral disc degeneration. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy was seen in 38\u2009% of dogs. No correlation was observed between neurologic signs and number of affected sites. A moderate positive correlation was observed between severity of spinal cord compression and neurologic grade (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.48;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DA-CSM was predominantly observed in older, male Dobermans, with lesions located in the caudal cervical vertebral region. It was also seen in dogs 3 years of age or even younger (8\u2009%). Single compressive lesions were more common in dogs younger than 6 years of age. Many dogs had concomitant changes (e.g.: ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and foraminal stenosis). Most dogs with ligamentum flavum hypertrophy were 6 years or older. A positive correlation was observed between severity of spinal cord compression and neurologic grade, but multilevel compression was not associated with more severe neurologic signs. A very high percentage of dogs had articular process degenerative changes. Possible biomechanical or genetic relationships between degenerative changes in articular processes, ligamentum flavum, and intervertebral discs warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02846-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T07:03:08Z","timestamp":1617778988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Magnetic resonance imaging and neurological findings in dogs with disc\u2010associated cervical spondylomyelopathy: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00edlia de Albuquerque","family":"Bonelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Bignardi de Soares Brisola","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronaldo Casimiro","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2846_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.06.003","volume":"40","author":"RC da Costa","year":"2010","unstructured":"da Costa RC. 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No live animals were recruited for this study. For dogs enrolled in previous prospective studies, images were obtained in accordance with the guidelines and with approval of the Clinical Research Advisory Committee and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of The Ohio State University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"145"}}