{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:28:52Z","timestamp":1793392132939,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a viral disease, caused by the Equine Infectious Anemia virus (EIAV) belonging to the\n                      <jats:italic>Retroviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      family, genus\n                      <jats:italic>Lentivirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Horses (or equids) infected with EIAV are lifelong carriers and they remain contagious for other horses even in the absence of clinical signs. So far, EIAV infection has been reported among horses in North and South America, France, Germany, Italy, Hungary and Romania, with no publication regarding the presence of EIAV in horses in Serbia. To determine the circulation of EIAV among, approximately, the 5000 horses of the Vojvodina region, northern part of Serbia, 316 serum undergone serological testing for EIA. Then, identification and full genome sequencing using next generation sequencing was performed from one EIA positive horse.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>the 316 sera were tested with 3 different commercial agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests and two different commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With the three AGID kits, 311 (98.4%) among the 316 tested sera were negative and only five (1.6%) sera were positive for EIA. Some discrepancies were seen for the two ELISA kits tested since one exhibited the same results as AGID test and the second gave 295 sera with negative results, five with a positive result and 16 with doubtful outcome. Phylogenetic analysis performed using the full genome sequence showed that EIAV characterized from a horse in Serbia is different from those identify so fare around the world and form a distinct and separate group together with another EIAV strain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrate for the first time that EIAV is circulating at a low level in the horse population from the Northern part of Serbia. Interestingly, phylogenetic data indicates that this EIAV from the western Balkan region of Europe belongs to a new cluster.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02849-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T15:08:38Z","timestamp":1618499318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Identification and genetic characterization of equine infectious anemia virus in Western Balkans"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Lupulovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Savi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Gaudaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Berthet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u017divoslav","family":"Grgi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazimir","family":"Matovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Deshiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aymeric","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2849_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3877-8","volume":"163","author":"AE Cursino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cursino AE, Vilela APP, Franco-Luiz APM, de Oliveira JG, Nogueira MF, Junior JPA, et al. Equine infectious anemia virus in naturally infected horses from the Brazilian Pantanal. Arch Virol. 2018;163(9):2385\u201394.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2849_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-3172-5","volume":"162","author":"DM Tigre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tigre DM, Brandao CF, de Paula FL, Chinalia FA, Campos GS, Sardi SI. Characterization of isolates of equine infectious anemia virus in Brazil. Arch Virol. 2017;162(3):873\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2849_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0202","volume":"79","author":"T Sharav","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharav T, Konnai S, Ochirkhuu N, Ts EO, Mekata H, Sakoda Y, et al. Detection and molecular characterization of equine infectious anemia virus in Mongolian horses. 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Mol Biol Evol. 2016;33(7):1870\u20134.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-021-02849-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-021-02849-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-021-02849-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T15:10:04Z","timestamp":1618499404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-021-02849-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-021-02849-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No ethical approval was required since this study is dealing with naturally infected horses. EIA is a notifiable diseases in Serbia, as such the Serbian legislation enforce euthanasia of EIA positive horses as described in The Rule Book of Measures for control and eradication of Infectious Anemia in horses Section 7 (\u201cSI. List SFRJ\u201d, br. 39\/88). In this context, blood and organ collection from EIA positive horse have been performed following strictly the Serbian authority regulation regarding Equine infectious anemia which approved the collection of samples from EIA infected horses.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be considered as a potential conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"168"}}