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The impact of iron deficiency induced by the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) was investigated in Atlantic salmon SHK-1 cells infected with the facultative intracellular bacterium <jats:italic>Piscirickettsia salmonis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Effects of the DFO treatment and <jats:italic>P. salmonis<\/jats:italic> on SHK-1 cells were gaged by assessing cytopathic effects, bacterial load and activity, and gene expression profiles of eight immune biomarkers at 4- and 7-days post infection (dpi) in the control group, groups receiving single treatments (DFO or <jats:italic>P. salmonis<\/jats:italic>) and their combination. The chelator appears to be well-tolerated by host cells, while it had a negative impact on the number of bacterial cells and associated cytotoxicity. DFO alone had minor effects on gene expression of SHK-1 cells, including an early activation of <jats:italic>IL-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic> at 4 dpi. In contrast to few moderate changes induced by single treatments (either infection or chelator), most genes had highest upregulation in the infected groups receiving DFO. The mildest induction of <jats:italic>hepcidin-1<\/jats:italic> (antimicrobial peptide precursor and regulator of iron homeostasis) was observed in cells exposed to DFO alone, followed by <jats:italic>P. salmonis<\/jats:italic> infected cells while the addition of DFO to infected cells further increased the mRNA abundance of this gene. Transcripts encoding <jats:italic>TNF-\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (immune signaling) and <jats:italic>iNOS<\/jats:italic> (immune effector) showed sustained increase at both time points in this group while <jats:italic>cathelicidin-1<\/jats:italic> (immune effector) and <jats:italic>IL-8<\/jats:italic> (immune signaling) were upregulated at 7 dpi. The stimulation of protective gene responses seen in infected cultures supplemented with DFO coincided with the reduction of bacterial load and activity (judged by the expression of <jats:italic>P. salmonis<\/jats:italic> 16S rRNA), and damage to cultured host cells.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The absence of immune gene activation under normal iron conditions suggests modulation of host responses by <jats:italic>P. salmonis<\/jats:italic>. The negative effect of iron deficiency on bacteria likely allowed host cells to respond in a more protective manner to the infection, further decreasing its progression. Presented findings encourage in vivo exploration of iron chelators as a promising strategy against piscirickettsiosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02853-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T09:04:09Z","timestamp":1618304649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["\u201cLimiting access to iron decreases infection of Atlantic salmon SHK-1 cells with bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Troncoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Jakob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4806-3946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanko","family":"Skugor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"(September 2018","key":"2853_CR1","first-page":"BST20180275","volume":"47","author":"SL Begg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Begg SL. 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