{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:57:18Z","timestamp":1789516638070,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009587","name":"School of Veterinary Science, Shiraz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["97GCU2M154630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["97GCU2M154630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>As one of the most common surgeries performed in veterinary medicine, ovariohysterectomy (OHE) can induce oxidative stress in dogs. The antioxidant properties of melatonin have been confirmed in various studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin administration on oxidative stress in dogs before and after OHE. In this study, 25 mature female intact dogs were selected and randomly divided into five equal groups: Melatonin (melatonin, no surgery), OHE (no melatonin, surgery), OHE\u2009+\u2009melatonin (melatonin, surgery), anesthesia+melatonin (melatonin, sham surgery), and control (no melatonin, no surgery) groups. Melatonin (0.3\u2009mg\/Kg\/day, p.o.) was administrated to the dogs in the melatonin, OHE\u2009+\u2009melatonin, and anesthesia+melatonin groups on days \u2212\u20091, 0, 1, 2, and 3 (day 0\u2009=\u2009OHE). Blood sampling was performed on days \u2212\u20091, 1, 3, and 5 of the study. Blood samples were immediately transferred to the laboratory and sera were separated and stored at \u2212\u200920\u2009\u00b0C. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured with commercial kits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The levels of SOD, GPX and CAT were significantly higher in the melatonin and anesthesia+melatonin groups compared to those of the control group at days 3 and 5. The level of antioxidant enzymes significantly decreased in the OHE group compared to that of other groups at days 3 and 5. The administration of melatonin increased the level of antioxidant enzymes in ovariohysterectomized dogs. Ovariohysterectomy significantly increased the concentration of MDA in comparison to that of other groups at day 3. Melatonin administration significantly decreased the level of MDA in melatonin, anesthetized, and ovariohysterectomized dogs at day 3.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Administration of melatonin on day \u2212\u20091, 0, 1, 2 and 3 modulate the oxidative stress induced by OHE in dogs by increasing antioxidant enzymes concentration and decreasing MDA levels.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02882-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T11:43:03Z","timestamp":1620042183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The effects of melatonin treatment on oxidative stress induced by ovariohysterectomy in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sina","family":"Salavati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3136-2288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asghar","family":"Mogheiseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Nazifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atefeh","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behrooz","family":"Nikahval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12 Pt 2","key":"2882_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/41.12.1819","volume":"41","author":"JM Gutteridge","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gutteridge JM. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. Clin Chem. 1995;41(12 Pt 2):1819\u201328.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2882_CR2","first-page":"251","volume":"52","author":"G Serin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Serin G, Kiral F, Serin I. Acute effect of ovariohysterectomy on lipid peroxidation and some antioxidant levels in dogs. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 2008;52:251\u20133.","journal-title":"Bull Vet Inst Pulawy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2882_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.160-164","volume":"13","author":"K Sakundech","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sakundech K, Chompoosan C, Tuchpramuk P, Boonsorn T, Aengwanich W. The influence of duration on pain stress, oxidative stress, and total antioxidant power status in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Vet World. 2020;13(1):160.","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"issue":"3","key":"2882_CR4","first-page":"123","volume":"5","author":"M Khoubnasabjafari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khoubnasabjafari M, Ansarin K, Jouyban A. Reliability of malondialdehyde as a biomarker of oxidative stress in psychological disorders. BioImpacts. 2015;5(3):123.","journal-title":"BioImpacts."},{"issue":"6","key":"2882_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e99286","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099286","volume":"9","author":"DA Mehaney","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mehaney DA, Darwish HA, Hegazy RA, Nooh MM, Tawdy AM, Gawdat HI, et al. Analysis of oxidative stress status, catalase and catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphisms in Egyptian vitiligo patients. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e99286.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2882_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayden RE, Paniello RC, Yeung CS, Bello SL, Dawson SM. The effect of glutathione and vitamins A, C, and E on acute skin flap survival. Laryngoscope. 1987;97(10):1176\u20139.","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198710000-00011"},{"issue":"4","key":"2882_CR7","first-page":"994","volume":"6","author":"J Gogoi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gogoi J, Leela V, Suganya G, Shafiuzama M, Vairamuthu S, Rajamanickam K, et al. Effect of ovariohysterectomy on oxidative stress markers in pyometra affected bitches. Int J Chem Stud. 2018;6(4):994\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Chem Stud"},{"issue":"12","key":"2882_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474a","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2012.01013.x","volume":"90","author":"J Michelsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Michelsen J, Heller J, Wills F, Noble G. Effect of surgeon experience on postoperative plasma cortisol and C-reactive protein concentrations after ovariohysterectomy in the dog: a randomised trial. Aust Vet J. 2012;90(12):474a\u20138.","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"2882_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.13-0062","volume":"76","author":"JY Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee JY, Kim MC. Comparison of oxidative stress status in dogs undergoing laparoscopic and open Ovariectomy. J Vet Med Sci. 2014;76:273\u20136.","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2882_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1515\/acve-2016-0046","volume":"66","author":"K Tomsi\u010d","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tomsi\u010d K, Seli\u0161kar A, Lukanc B, Svete AN. Plasma total antioxidant capacity and activities of blood glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase determined in healthy dogs by using commercially available kits. Acta Vet. 2016;66(4):534\u201348.","journal-title":"Acta Vet"},{"key":"2882_CR11","unstructured":"Yoshikawa T, Iigo M, Okano T, Fukada Y. Reproductive Biology and Clinical Endocrinology; Roles of Melatonin in Photoperiodic Gonadal. In: Haldar C, Singaravel M, Pandi-Perumal S, editors. Experimental endocrinology and reproductive biology. 1st ed. Taylor & Francis; 2008."},{"issue":"15\u201316","key":"2882_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2009.01.024","volume":"84","author":"M Ambriz-Tututi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ambriz-Tututi M, Rocha-Gonz\u00e1lez HI, Cruz SL, Granados-Soto V. Melatonin: a hormone that modulates pain. Life Sci. 2009;84(15\u201316):489\u201398.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2882_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2018.06.044","volume":"27","author":"S Salavati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salavati S, Mogheiseh A, Nazifi S, Tabrizi AS, Taheri P, Koohi F. Changes in sexual hormones, serotonin, and cortisol concentrations following oral administration of melatonin in castrated and intact dogs. J Vet Behav. 2018;27:27\u201334.","journal-title":"J Vet Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2882_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-019-0094-6","volume":"29","author":"A Mogheiseh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mogheiseh A, Koohi F, Nazifi S, Tabrizi AS, Taheri P, Salavati S. Oxidative-antioxidative status and hepatic and renal factors following melatonin administration in castrated and intact dogs. Basic Clin Androl. 2019;29(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Basic Clin Androl"},{"issue":"1","key":"2882_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1894-9","volume":"15","author":"P Taheri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taheri P, Mogheiseh A, Tabrizi AS, Nazifi S, Salavati S, Koohi F. Changes in thyroid hormones, leptin, ghrelin and, galanin following oral melatonin administration in intact and castrated dogs: a preliminary study. BMC Vet Res. 2019;15(1):1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2882_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-020-03126-8","volume":"29","author":"S Nazifi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nazifi S, Mogheiseh A, Tabrizi AS, Rayat MH. Effect of oral melatonin administration on inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins after the castration of dogs. Comp Clin Pathol. 2020;29:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Comp Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2882_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00506","volume":"6","author":"A Gautier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gautier A, Graff EC, Bacek L, Fish EJ, White A, Palmer L, et al. Effects of ovariohysterectomy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy on systemic inflammation and oxidation in dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2020;6:506.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"2882_CR18","first-page":"695","volume":"55","author":"A Gunay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gunay A, Gunes N, Gunay U. Effect of ovariohysterectomy on lipid peroxidation and levels of some antioxidants and biochemical parameters in bitches. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 2011;55:695\u20138.","journal-title":"Bull Vet Inst Pulawy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2882_CR19","first-page":"131","volume":"35","author":"A Sane","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sane A, Chokshi S, Mishra V, Barad D, Shah V, Nagpal S. Serum lipoperoxide levels in surgical stress of abdominal hysterectomy. Panminerva Med. 1993;35(3):131\u20133.","journal-title":"Panminerva Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2882_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0844(199909)17:3<207::AID-CBF830>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"17","author":"M Naziroglu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Naziroglu M, G\u00fcnay C. The levels of some antioxidant vitamins, glutathione peroxidase and lipoperoxidase during the anaesthesia of dogs. Cell Biochem Funct. 1999;17(3):207\u201312.","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct"},{"issue":"1","key":"2882_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-079X.2003.00092.x","volume":"36","author":"C Rodriguez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rodriguez C, Mayo JC, Sainz RM, Antol\u00edn I, Herrera F, Mart\u00edn V, et al. Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin. J Pineal Res. 2004;36(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"2882_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2019.04.004","volume":"32","author":"W Aengwanich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aengwanich W, Sakundech K, Chompoosan C, Tuchpramuk P, Boonsorn T. Physiological changes, pain stress, oxidative stress, and total antioxidant capacity before, during, and after castration in male dogs. J Vet Behav. 2019;32:76\u20139.","journal-title":"J Vet Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"2882_CR23","first-page":"124","volume":"5","author":"A Elvan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elvan A. Effect of ovariohysterectomy on some oxidative stress markers in the rat. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2016;5(2):124\u20138.","journal-title":"Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg"},{"key":"2882_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2478\/pjvs-2014-0071","volume":"17","author":"O Yilmaz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yilmaz O, Korkmaz M, Jaroszewski J, Yazici E, Ulutas E, Saritas Z. Comparison of flunixin meglumine and meloxicam influence on postoperative and oxidative stress in ovariohysterectomized bitches. Pol J Vet Sci. 2014;17:3.","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci"},{"issue":"21","key":"2882_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5492","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215492","volume":"20","author":"S Ottolenghi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ottolenghi S, Rubino FM, Sabbatini G, Coppola S, Veronese A, Chiumello D, et al. Oxidative stress markers to investigate the effects of Hyperoxia in anesthesia. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(21):5492.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2882_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6501046","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6501046","volume":"2017","author":"I Marrocco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marrocco I, Altieri F, Peluso I. Measurement and clinical significance of biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:6501046.","journal-title":"Oxidative Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2882_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1997.tb00302.x","volume":"22","author":"K Yeleswaram","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yeleswaram K, McLaughlin LG, Knipe JO, Schabdach D. Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of exogenous melatonin in preclinical animal models and clinical implications. J Pineal Res. 1997;22(1):45\u201351.","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"2882_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-409527-4.00039-0","volume-title":"Laboratory animal medicine","author":"MJ Brown","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brown MJ, Winnicker C. Chapter 39 - animal welfare. In: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, editors. Laboratory animal medicine. 3rd ed. Boston: Academic Press; 2015. p. 1653\u201372.","edition":"3"},{"key":"2882_CR29","unstructured":"Tavakoli A, Tazik ME, Abbasi A. Comparison of production of pain and oxidative stress after induction of local nerve block or use of NSAIDs following painful dental procedures in dogs. Iranian J Vet Surg. 2021;16(1):29\u201333."},{"key":"2882_CR30","first-page":"720","volume-title":"Small animal surgery","author":"TW Fossum","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fossum TW. Surgery of the reproductive and genital systems. In: Fossum TW, Duprey LP, Huff TG, editors. Small animal surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc.; 2018. p. 720\u201332.","edition":"5"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-021-02882-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-021-02882-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-021-02882-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T01:05:10Z","timestamp":1626829510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-021-02882-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2882"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-021-02882-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Our study was approved by the Iranian laboratory animal ethics framework under the supervision of the Iranian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and Shiraz University Research Council (IACUC no: 4687\/63). A written informed consent was obtained by the shelter. The recommendations of European Council Directive (2010\/63\/EU) of September 22, 2010, regarding the standards in the protection of animals used for experimental purposes, were also followed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"\u2018The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"181"}}