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The early stages of RHDV infection have been described in a few studies of rabbits experimentally infected with earlier strains, but no information was given on the minimum infective dose. We report the genomic and phenotypic characterisation of a GI.1d\/RHDV strain collected in 2000 in France (GI.1d\/00\u201321).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We performed in vivo assays in rabbits to study virus replication kinetics in several tissues at the early stage of infection, and to estimate the minimum infective dose. Four tested doses, negligible (10<jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup> viral genome copies), low (10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>), high (10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>) and very high (10<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>) were quantified using a method combining density gradient centrifugation of the viral particles and an RT-qPCR technique developed to quantify genomic RNA (gRNA). The GI.1d\/00\u201321 genome showed the same genomic organisation as other lagoviruses; however, a substitution in the 5\u2032 untranslated region and a change in the potential p23\/2C-like helicase cleavage site were observed. We showed that the liver of one of the two rabbits inoculated via the oral route was infected at 16\u2009h post-infection and all tissues at 39\u2009h post-infection. GI.1d\/00\u201321 induced classical RHD signs (depression) and lesions (haemorrhage and splenomegaly). Although infective dose estimation should be interpreted with caution, the minimum infective dose that infected an inoculated rabbit was lower or equal to 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> gRNA copies, whereas between 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> and 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> gRNA copies were required to also induce mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These results provide a better understanding of GI.1d\/RHDV infection in rabbits. The genome analysis showed a newly observed mutation in the 5\u2032 untranslated region of a lagovirus, whose role remains unknown. The phenotypic analysis showed that the pathogenicity of GI.1d\/00\u201321 and the replication kinetics in infected organs were close to those reported for the original GI.1 strains, and could not alone explain the observed selective advantage of the GI.1d strains. Determining the minimum dose of viral particles required to cause mortality in rabbits is an important input for in vivo studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02962-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T17:02:49Z","timestamp":1627491769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus Lagovirus europaeus\/GI.1d strain: genome sequencing, in vivo virus replication kinetics, and viral dose effect"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Droillard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelyne","family":"Lemaitre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Amelot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alassane","family":"Keita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Eterradossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4557-6532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghislaine","family":"Le Gall-Recul\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2962_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.10.2.555","volume":"10","author":"D Gavier-Wid\u00e8n","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gavier-Wid\u00e8n D, M\u00f6rner T. 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