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The Mycoplasma Team at the Animal and Plant Health Agency provides an identification service for<jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>species of veterinary importance to the United Kingdom (UK), supporting the detection of new and emerging pathogens, as well as contributing to the surveillance of endemic, and the OIE listed diseases exotic to the UK.<jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>and other<jats:italic>Mollicutes<\/jats:italic>species were identified from diagnostic samples from farmed ruminants in England and Wales using a combination of culture and 16S rRNA gene-based PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, submitted between 2005 and 2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 5578 mollicutes identifications, which include mycoplasmas and the related acholeoplasmas and ureaplasmas, were made from farmed ruminant animals during the study period. Throughout the study period, the pathogen<jats:italic>Mycoplasma bovis<\/jats:italic>was consistently the most frequently identified species, accounting for 1411 (32%) of 4447 molecular identifications in cattle, primarily detected in the lungs of pneumonic calves, followed by joints and milk of cattle showing signs of arthritis and mastitis, respectively.<jats:italic>M. bovirhinis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>M. alkalescens<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>M. dispar<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>M. arginini<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Ureaplasma diversum<\/jats:italic>, were also common. Mixed species, principally<jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>with<jats:italic>M. alkalescens, M. arginini<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>M. bovirhinis<\/jats:italic>were also prevalent, particularly from respiratory samples. The non-cultivable blood-borne haemoplasmas<jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\u2018Mycoplasma haemobos\u2019 and<jats:italic>Mycoplasma wenyonii<\/jats:italic>were identified from cattle, with the latter species most often associated with milk-drop.<jats:italic>M. ovipneumoniae<\/jats:italic>was the predominant species identified from sheep and goats experiencing respiratory disease, while<jats:italic>M. conjunctivae<\/jats:italic>preponderated in ocular samples. The UK remains free of the ruminant mycoplasmas listed by OIE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The continued high prevalence of<jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>identifications confirms its ongoing dominance and importance as a significant pathogen of cattle in England and Wales, particularly in association with respiratory disease.<jats:italic>M. ovipneumoniae<\/jats:italic>has seen a general increase in prevalence in recent years, notably in coughing lambs and should therefore be considered as a primary differential diagnosis of respiratory disease in small ruminants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-03037-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T01:07:06Z","timestamp":1634087226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Identification of Mycoplasma species and related organisms from ruminants in England and Wales during 2005\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alannah S.","family":"Deeney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Ridley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3037_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.116.3.1421-1435.1973","volume":"116","author":"S Razin","year":"1973","unstructured":"Razin S, Hasin M, Ne'eman Z, Rottem S. 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