{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:26:18Z","timestamp":1780385178405,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> is an important parasite that belongs to the phylum <jats:italic>Apicomplexa<\/jats:italic>, distributed globally, causing major health issues for a wide range of hosts, including humans, native and wild animals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the present study, we detected IgG and IgM antibodies through an ELISA kit and DNA of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> through PCR in 197 pets and stray cats in Peshawar, Charsadda, Mardan, and Kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) to estimate the existence of feline toxoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The current study revealed that stray cats have a significant infection rate of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> (74.6%) as compared to pet cats (25.4%). In all the four districts, the prevalence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> was pointedly higher in district Kohat (95.5%) in the feline population. In comparison to the female (75.18%) and male (both pets and stray) cats have a maximum infection of (81.66%) non-significantly. The prevalence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> was observed to be significantly higher (91.66%) in the older and greater than 4\u2009year old population of cats as compared to the younger ones. In poor health condition, the cat populations has a higher risk of infection of 92.3% as compared to healthy and poor body condition (73.91%) and (82.6%) respectively. The chronic and reactivated chronic conditions of toxoplasmosis were higher (58.37%) as compared to the acute condition.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>It has been concluded that toxoplasmosis is widely spread in the studied population.The outcomes of the present study show that <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection has a significant impact on the type of cat, age, and area, which implies a serious threat to human beings. Therefore, genotyping of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> strains from different hosts is needed to forecast the current approach for prevention and control of this zoonotic parasite.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-03064-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T10:02:41Z","timestamp":1637316161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Detection of toxoplasmosis in pets and stray cats through molecular and serological techniques in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Abdul","family":"Majid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisar","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumbal","family":"Haleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor ul","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shehzad","family":"Zareen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Taib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafiq","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Sohail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3064_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.09.005","volume":"126","author":"J Dubey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dubey J. 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