{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:29:14Z","timestamp":1789586954797,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate tibial anatomical-mechanical axis angles (AMA-angles) and proximodistal and craniocaudal patellar positions following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and AMA-based modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy (CCWO) in large dogs with tibial plateau angle (TPA) &gt;\u200930\u00b0, to compare these postoperative positions with those of a control group of healthy normal dogs, and to assess which procedure yields postoperative morphology of the tibiae and stifles that is most consistent with that of the unaffected group. This study also investigated whether the occurrence of patellar ligament thickening (PLT), which is commonly observed 2 months postoperatively after TPLO, is associated with misplacement of the osteotomy. A total of 120 dogs weighing more than 20\u2009kg, 40 of which were control animals, were enrolled in this retrospective study. Stifles were radiographically evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively on the side with CCLR and on the healthy contralateral side and compared with clinically normal stifles. PLT was reassessed after 2 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant decreases in median patellar height ratio were found after both procedures (TPLO 0.24 (0.05\u20130.8); CCWO 0.22 (0.05\u20130.4)). The postoperative craniocaudal patellar position and the median AMA angle differed significantly among the groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a00.000) (TPLO 87.5% caudal to the AA and 3.12\u00b0 (0.76\u20136.98\u00b0); CCWO 100% cranial to the AA and 0\u00b0 (\u2212\u20091.34\u20130.65\u00b0); control group 5% caudal to the AA and 0.99\u00b0 (0\u20133.39\u00b0)).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At 8\u2009weeks, PLT grade differed significantly in the two operated groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a00.000) (TPLO 40% 0\u20132, 20% 2\u20134, 40% &gt;\u20094; CCWO 98.8% 0).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TPLO and AMA-based CCWO are associated with significant decreases in patellar height; however, the PLT results 2 months postoperatively differed between the two groups; the decrease in patellar height and PLT were independent of osteotomy position in the TPLO group. Compared to TPLO, CCWO results in reduced postoperative AMA angles and craniocaudal patellar positions that more closely resemble those of unaffected dogs, suggesting that the CCWO procedure allows us to better correct the caudal bowing of the proximal tibia that is often associated with deficient stifles in large dogs with TPA &gt;\u200930\u00b0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-03094-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T02:02:44Z","timestamp":1638496964000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Comparison of tibial anatomical-mechanical axis angles and patellar positions between tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy (AMA-based CCWO) for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in large dogs with tibial plateau slopes greater than 30\u00b0 and clinically normal Labradors retrievers"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"Gu\u00e9n\u00e9go","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Vezzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Vezzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"3094_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-14-03-0047","volume":"27","author":"FM Duerr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duerr FM, Martin KW, Rishniw M, Palmer RH, Selmic LE. 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This study involved client-owned dogs. An IRB\/IACUC protocol was not needed for this study because the data collected were collected as part of the dogs\u2019 standard of care. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.The dogs in the control group of this study were used as a control group in a recently published study (Gu\u00e9n\u00e9go L, Serri P, Charru P, Verwaerde P. Comparison of tibial anatomical-mechanical axis angle and patellar positions between Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture. J Vet Sci Res. 2020;5:000199).As described in the materials and methods section of that study (J Vet Sci Res. 2020), the dogs in the control group were anaesthetized for reasons unrelated to the study (for surgery, dentistry, and radiographic screening of pelvic limb lameness). Radiographs of the stifles were obtained while the animals were still under anaesthesia, with written informed consent from their owners and using radiographic positions that did not impose stress on the animals, as previously reported (Gu\u00e9n\u00e9go L, Payot M, Charru P, Verwaerde P. Comparison of tibial anatomical-mechanical axis angles between predisposed dogs and dogs at low risk for cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Vet J. 2017;225:35-41).The data were analysed retrospectively. Any information that could be used to identify the subjects (dogs) was removed prior to data analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"368"}}