{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:34:26Z","timestamp":1787020466463,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article reports the steps of an educational intervention, which is designed to change livestock breeders\u2019 preventive behavior in terms of vaccinating their livestock against brucellosis. The study has been conducted in a rural area in a country with the second highest brucellosis prevalence in the world.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a quasi-experimental study and applying PRECEDE-PROCEED model, 45 livestock breeders were trained through basket method, accompanied with constructive feedback from researchers and peers and a brief interactive lecture at the end. The livestock breeders\u2019 awareness, attitude and practice level in the intervention group was compared with those of other 45 livestock breeders in a control group, 1 and 6 months after the intervention. According to the results of the Rose Bengal tests (RBTs), as a rapid and simple screening test, the presence or absence of Brucella antibodies in the animals\u2019 serum was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immediately and 1 month after the intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, awareness and practice of livestock breeders in the intervention group were significantly higher. Six months after the intervention, the results of the RBTs were positive in more livestock in the intervention group compared to the animals in the control group. The positive result of RBT after educational intervention, in livestock whose test results were negative immediately before intervention, accompanying the results of observation indicating a good general condition of livestock was considered as a probable evidence of the success of the educational intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The model-driven educational intervention could significantly increase livestock breeders\u2019 awareness, attitude and practice regarding prevention of brucellosis and vaccination of their livestock against brucellosis; however, a period of non-continuous reinforcement and gradual reduction of the number of the reinforcements by health educator workers is recommended in order to increase the maintenance of the learnt behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Conducting this study was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.irct.ir\/trial\/29996\">IRCT20180304038945N1<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ). Registered 24 December 2018. The proposal was registered before enrollment of the first participant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-03099-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T02:02:38Z","timestamp":1639360958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Application of the PRECEDE -PROCEED model in prevention of brucellosis focused on livestock vaccination process"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Farhad","family":"Bahadori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fazlollah","family":"Ghofranipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Zarei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Ziaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8894-381X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeideh","family":"Ghaffarifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3099_CR1","volume-title":"Princi P Les of I Nternal Medicine","author":"Harisson\u2019s, Circulatory AIN, Functions R, Vascular P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harisson\u2019s, Circulatory AIN, Functions R, Vascular P. 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BMC Res Notes. 2011;4:1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-021-03099-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-021-03099-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-021-03099-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T02:04:21Z","timestamp":1639361061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-021-03099-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-021-03099-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-871586\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Conducting this study was approved by the ethical committee board of faculty of medical sciences at Tarbiat Modares University (IRB number: IR.MODARES.REC.1397.001). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines, regulations and ethical standards of the responsible committee approving the research at Tarbiat Modares University and Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials and with the Declaration of Helsinki, as revised in 2000.The purpose of conducting the present study was clearly shared with participants before initiating the study. Recruiting animal breeders for the educational intervention was done based on their willingness to participate, after signing the informed consent form of the study. In case of being illiterate, the animal breeders stamped the consent form after the main researcher read aloud the form to them. Researchers did their best to keep the research data confidential. A unique code was assigned to each participant and they had the right to withdraw from the study at any time, upon their willingness. All participants provided written informed consent and they were assured that their responses would be remained confidential. After the research data analysis, similar training was provided to the participants in the control group as well.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests; except for the point that the corresponding author is an editorial board member of BMC Medical Education.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"384"}}