{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T04:22:36Z","timestamp":1749010956226},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Canine aortic valve endocarditis carries a poor prognosis. In the current literature there are only two reports of infectious endocarditis associated with <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>; <jats:italic>Actinomyces turicensis<\/jats:italic> and an <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>-like organism. Endocarditis due to\u00a0<jats:italic>Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus<\/jats:italic> (now known as <jats:italic>Winkia neuii<\/jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic>anitrata)<\/jats:italic> has rarely been reported in humans, and to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 4\u00a0year-3\u00a0months old female neutered Great Dane presented with lethargy, hyporexia, \u2018praying position\u2019 stance, acute onset of cherry eye and pyrexia. A subtle diastolic heart murmur was detected on thoracic auscultation and echocardiology revealed an irregular lesion adhered to the ventricular aspect of the aortic valve, suggestive of aortic valve endocarditis. Peripheral blood was collected for blood culture. Following 10\u00a0days of incubation, blood cultures yielded a growth of aerobic gram-positive filamentous rods which were further biochemically (BioMerieux API Coryne profiling strip) identified as <jats:italic>Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus<\/jats:italic>. The patient was treated with marbofloxacin and amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid for five consecutive months. On repeat echogram, following treatment completion, there was no evidence of aortic valve endocarditis. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report documenting successful treatment of aortic valve endocarditis caused by <jats:italic>Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus<\/jats:italic> in a dog.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite the poor prognosis of canine infectious aortic valve endocarditis, patients with <jats:italic>Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus<\/jats:italic> infection might have a favourable outcome. It is therefore important identifying the underling infectious cause, as it may have a significant impact on prognosis and treatment outcome when it is caused by <jats:italic>Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03161-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T10:03:12Z","timestamp":1643882592000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Case report and successful management of canine aortic endocarditis caused by Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus (Winkia neuii subsp. anitrata)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Giannoulopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Errington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"3161_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2016.04.005","volume":"18","author":"N Balakrishnan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balakrishnan N, Alexander K, Keene B, Kolluru S, Fauls ML, Rawdon I, Breitschwerdt EB. 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Acta Clin Belg. 2013;68(3):210\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2143\/ACB.3224.","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"key":"3161_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi277","volume":"26","author":"M Heiro","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heiro M, Helenius H, Sundell J, Koskinen P, Engblom E, Nikoskelainen J, Kotilainen P. Utility of serum C-reactive protein in assessing the outcome of infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1873\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi277.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"3161_CR5","first-page":"3","volume":"18","author":"G Junius","year":"2004","unstructured":"Junius G, Bavegems V, Stalpaert M, Binst D, Schrauwen E. Mitral Valve Endocarditis in a Labrador Retriever Caused by an Actinomyces Species Identified as Actinomyces turicensis. J Vet Intern Meidicine. 2004;18:3.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Meidicine"},{"key":"3161_CR6","unstructured":"Ljungvall I, Haggstrom J. Adult-onset valvular heart disease. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, Cote E, editors. Textbook of veterinary internal medicine expert consult. 2017. p. 1265\u20131269."},{"key":"3161_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.03.010","volume":"40","author":"K MacDonald","year":"2010","unstructured":"MacDonald K. Infective Endocarditis in Dogs: Diagnosis and Therapy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2010;40:665\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.03.010.","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"3161_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MacDonald KA, Chomel BB, Kittleson MD, Kasten RW, Thomas WP, Pesavento P. A prospective study of canine infective endocarditis in northern California (1999\u20132001): emergence of Bartonella as a prevalent etiologic agent. J Vet Intern Med. 2004;18(1):156\u201364.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb00136.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb00136.x"},{"key":"3161_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02007","volume":"9","author":"I Nouioui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nouioui I, Carro L, Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk H-P, Goodfellow M, G\u00f6ker M. Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02007.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"3161_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqv006","volume":"145","author":"N Suwantarat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suwantarat N, Weik C, Romagnoli M, Ellis BC, Kwiatkowski N, Carroll KC. 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The owner of this patient gave consent for all the procedures that were carried out.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The patient\u2019s owner gave consent for publishing this case report.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"63"}}