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The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two different diets \u2013 one based on high amounts of starch (HS) vs. one base on high amounts of fibre (HF) \u2013 on specific parameters of the gut environment across different intestinal compartments of the horse digestive tract. To this end differences in the gastrointestinal environment between HS vs. HF fed horses were assessed in terms of dry matter, organic matter and ash content; the particle size distribution and volatile fatty acid composition were also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen Bardigiano horses of 14.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2009months of age and destined to slaughter were divided into two group pens \u2013 one fed with high amounts of starch (HS;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20099; 43% hay plus 57% starch-rich pelleted feed); vs. fed with high amounts of fibre (HF;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200910; 70% hay plus 30% fibre-rich pelleted feed). Horses fed HS diet presented a higher dry matter content in the right dorsal colon. Moreover, they showed a higher organic matter and ash content in the sternal flexure, pelvic flexure, right dorsal colon and rectum. In these latter intestinal compartments, horses fed a HS diet also showed a higher proportion of particles retained on an 8\u2009mm sieve and a higher proportion of particles that washed through the finest sieve (&lt;\u20091\u2009mm). Moreover, the total amounts of volatile fatty acids as well as valeric acid were found to be significantly higher in horses fed the HS vs. HF diet.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high-starch diet causes significant changes in the horse gut environment. We observed an increase in the dry matter content in the right dorsal colon, as well as reduced particle sizes and an increase in the production of valeric acid in all the gut compartments studied. High-starch diets should be avoided in favour of fibre-based diets with the goal of safeguarding gut health in horses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03289-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T04:02:48Z","timestamp":1652932968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["A high-starch vs. high-fibre diet: effects on the gut environment of the different intestinal compartments of the horse digestive tract"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Raspa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Vervuert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Capucchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Colombino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Bergero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Forte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Greppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cavallarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Giribaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Antoniazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damiano","family":"Cavallini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ermenegildo","family":"Valvassori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"3289_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-3227-1","volume-title":"The welfare of horses","author":"N Davidson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davidson N, Harris P. 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