{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T11:47:50Z","timestamp":1767008870018},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>spp. are important tick-borne pathogens that cause various human and animal diseases worldwide. A tool for rapid and accurate detection of the pathogens from its vectors is necessary for prevention of Rickettsioses propagation in humans and animals, which are infested by ticks. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate a molecular tool, ultra-rapid real-time PCR (UR-qPCR), for rapid and accurate detection of<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>spp. from 5644 ticks in 408 pools collected from livestock and their surrounding environments in Gangwon and Jeju province in South Korea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The UR-qPCR of<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>DNA showed a limit of detection of 2.72\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>copies of<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>DNA and no cross reaction with other tick-borne pathogens, namely<jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Ehrlichia chaffeensis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>E. canis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>. In addition, the PCR assay also showed possibility of various<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>species detection including<jats:italic>R. monacensis,<\/jats:italic>\u201c<jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>R. longicornii\u201d<jats:italic>, R. japonica, R. roultii,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>R. tamurae.<\/jats:italic>The collected ticks were identified with major species belonged to<jats:italic>Haemaphysalis longicornis<\/jats:italic>(81.62%), followed by<jats:italic>H. flava<\/jats:italic>(15.19%)<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Ixodes nipponensis<\/jats:italic>(3.19%).<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>detection from tick samples using the UR-qPCR showed that the minimum infection rate (MIR) of<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>in collected ticks was 1.24\u2030 and that all positive pools contained<jats:italic>H. longicornis,<\/jats:italic>equal to the MIR of 1.39\u2030 of this species. Additionally, MIR of<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>spp. detected in ticks collected in Gangwon and Jeju was 1.53\u2030 and 0.84\u2030, respectively. Furthermore, the sequencing results of the 17\u2009kDa protein antigen gene and<jats:italic>ompA<\/jats:italic>gene showed that<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>spp. sequences from all pools were related to \u201c<jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>R. longicornii\u201d and \u201c<jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>R. jingxinensis\u201d.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The UR-qPCR system was demonstrated to be useful tool for accurate and rapid detection of<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>from its vector, ixodid ticks, within 20\u2009min. The data on<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>spp. in ticks detected in this study provide useful information on the distribution of<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>in previously unstudied Korean provinces, which are important for the prevention and control of the spread of rickettsioses in both animals and humans in the country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03311-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T04:02:39Z","timestamp":1653624159000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Utility of ultra-rapid real-time PCR for detection and prevalence of Rickettsia spp. in ticks"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"A-Tai","family":"Truong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo-Ram","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Sun","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiyeon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subin","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soon-Seek","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Min","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Taek","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun Sang","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3311_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04528.x","volume":"1166","author":"PE Fournier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fournier PE, Raoult D. 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This research project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA) (Approval Number 2020\u2013537) in the Republic of Korea. All the methods were carried out in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of APQA. Tick collection from wild animals was approved by Gangwon and Jeju provinces in the Republic of Korea. Ticks were collected from wild animals at the Wildlife Rescue Center with the cooperation of veterinarians, and from livestock with oral consent from all owners of animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"199"}}