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Two hundred eighty-eight day-old Arbor Acre chicks, were randomly assigned to one of four groups (each group has 6 replicates, with each replicate containing 12 chickens). The negative control (NC; basal diet), the positive control (PC; basal diet +antibiotic 15\u2009ppm), the fermented feed additive low dose (FFL; basal diet +\u20090.3\u2009kg\/t FFA), and the fermented feed additive high dose (FFH; 3\u2009kg\/t FFA) with\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus casei<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>L.casei<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study found that the FFH and FFL groups gained more weight (1-21d) and the FFL and PC diets had better feed conversion ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) than the NC from 0-42d. The FFH group had higher villus height (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in the duodenum than the PC and villus height to crypt depth ratio VH\/CD compared to PC and FFL groups. The FFL chickens had greater (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) jejunal and ileal villus height than PC and NC groups respectively. The FFL group had a higher ileal VH\/CD ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Jejunum VH\/CD was higher in FFL and FFH (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) than PC (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). FFH had a smaller thymus than NC (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). FFA diets also increased IL-10 expression (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). While IL-1 and TLR4 mRNA expression decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) compared to NC. The microbiota analysis showed that the microorganisms that have pathogenic properties such as phylum\n                      <jats:italic>Delsulfobacterota<\/jats:italic>\n                      and class\n                      <jats:italic>Desulfovibriona<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Negativicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                      was also significantly reduced in the group treated with FFH and PC while microorganisms having beneficial properties like\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      family,\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus aviarus<\/jats:italic>\n                      genus and\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus spp<\/jats:italic>\n                      were also tended to increase in the FFH and FFL fermented feed groups compared to the PC and NC groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings suggested that the FFA diet may modulate cecal microbiota by reducing pathogenic microorganisms such as phylum\n                      <jats:italic>Delsulfobacterota<\/jats:italic>\n                      and class\n                      <jats:italic>Desulfovibriona<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Negativicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                      improve beneficial microorganisms like\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      family,\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus aviarus<\/jats:italic>\n                      genus and\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. While FFA diet also affect immunity, and gene expression related to immunity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03322-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T07:07:00Z","timestamp":1654844820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Influence of fermented feed additive on gut morphology, immune status, and microbiota in broilers"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Wentong","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mir Zulqarnain","family":"Talpur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxian","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peipei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jincheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3322_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.11.001","volume":"5","author":"S Sugiharto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sugiharto S, Ranjitkar S. 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