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However, there is a paucity of data on anti-protozoal resistance (APR), especially in animals. Hence, we assessed the knowledge of prudent antiprotozoal drug usage (APU) and resistance among animal health practitioners (AHPs) in Kwara State, Nigeria.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A cross-sectional survey of 435 AHPs was performed in Kwara State from the 5th of March to the 31st of July 2020 using a structured and validated questionnaire. We used logistic regression analysis to identify socio-demographic factors that are associated with the satisfactory perception of prudent APU and good knowledge of APR among AHPs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Our findings showed that 80.2% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009349) of the AHPs in Kwara state had a good knowledge of APR with a mean knowledge score of 5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2. In the same vein, 75.6% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009329) of the AHPs had a satisfactory perception of prudent APU with a mean score of 3.84\u2009\u00b1\u20091.21. Only 10.1% of the AHPs had observed treatment failures after the use of anti-protozoal drugs. Most of the AHPs (75.6%) believed that APR poses a significant threat to animal production and health globally. Logistic regression analysis showed that female AHPs were more likely (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 0.91, 5.20;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.005) to have better knowledge of APR than their male counterparts. AHPs with tertiary education were likely (OR: 2.77; 95% CI: 0.96, 4.99;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) to be more knowledgeable about APR and have satisfactory perceptions of APU (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.99;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.07) respectively. Finally, veterinarians were 3.76 times (95% CI:1.26, 9.25;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) more likely to have good knowledge of APR and better perceptions of APU (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.89, 5.68;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than other AHPs respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>To control antimicrobial resistance, continuous training of AHPs especially para-veterinary officers is essential to update their knowledge on prudent antimicrobial usage and prevent the emergence of resistant protozoan parasites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03331-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T03:23:33Z","timestamp":1654572213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A cross-sectional questionnaire survey on knowledge of anti-protozoal drug use and resistance among AHPs in Kwara State, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Nusirat","family":"Elelu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Agene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Sanusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Ibrahim","family":"Al-Mustapha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"3331_CR1","volume-title":"Antimicrobial resistance. 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Finally, written informed consent was sought from the respondents, and participants could decline participation or opt-out at any time. This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"214"}}