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Flagellin of <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S. typhimurium<\/jats:italic>) has shown strong adjuvant effects for a variety of vaccine candidates, however, the adjuvanticity of different serotypes of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>) flagellin (FliC) is unclear. To explore the adjuvant activity of different serotypes of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> flagellin, FliC<jats:sub>H1<\/jats:sub>, FliC<jats:sub>H7<\/jats:sub>, and FliC<jats:sub>H19<\/jats:sub> recombinant flagellins were prokaryotically-expressed and purified. The adjuvanticity of three recombinant flagellins was evaluated by analyzing their abilities to induce the IL-8 production in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and the immune responses to co-administrated FaeG antigen in mice. Sequence analysis showed that the N-and C-terminal regions are highly conserved, whereas the central region is hypervariable. The TLR5 recognized site is identical among these three serotypes of flagellins. Coomassie blue staining SDS-PAGE showed the molecular mass of FliC<jats:sub>H1<\/jats:sub>, FliC<jats:sub>H7<\/jats:sub>, and FliC<jats:sub>H19<\/jats:sub> recombinant flagellin are 66\u00a0kDa, 64\u00a0kDa, and 68\u00a0kDa, which can be recognized by anti-FliC<jats:sub>H1<\/jats:sub>, FliC<jats:sub>H7<\/jats:sub>, and FliC<jats:sub>H19<\/jats:sub> serum, respectively. Moreover, the flagellin serotypes induced similar levels of IL-8 and TNF-\u03b1 production in Caco-2 cells, anti-FaeG specific IgG antibodies in mice, and IL-4 production in mice spleen cells. Our results indicated that <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> flagellins can be an adjuvant for vaccine candidates and that different serotypes of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> flagellins possess identical adjuvant effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03412-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T02:02:29Z","timestamp":1660269749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Different serotypes of Escherichia coli flagellin exert identical adjuvant effects"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Shengmei","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinfang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiangde","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3412_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.10.032","volume":"46","author":"B Chaban","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chaban B, Hughes HV, Beeby M. 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The animal use protocol was reviewed and approved by the Animal Research Ethics Board at the Yangzhou University and followed the principles established by the Animal Ethics Procedures and Guidelines of the People\u2019s Republic of China (Animal Use Protocol # 202103034). All methods are in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines for the reporting of animal experiments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"308"}}