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To date, variable results are reported in studies of the effect of obesity and controlled weight reduction on cardiovascular morphology and function in dogs. This prospective study aimed to assess cardiac function, heart rate variability, cardiac biomarkers and body composition before and after weight reduction in pet dogs with obesity. Twenty-four client-owned dogs referred for weight management due to obesity were recruited. To assess the cardiac effects of obesity, body composition analysis (by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA) and cardiovascular assessment (echocardiography, Doppler blood pressure, electrocardiography, cardiac biomarkers) were performed prior to weight management. Twelve dogs completed the study and reached target weight, receiving a further cardiovascular assessment and DEXA. A Wilcoxon-signed rank test was used to compare each variable pre- and post- weight reduction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median (interquartile range) duration of weight loss was 224\u00a0days (124\u2013245\u00a0days), percentage weight loss was 23% (18\u201331%) of starting weight. Median change in body fat mass was -50% (-44% to -55%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), whilst median change in lean mass was -7% (+\u20091% to -18%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.083).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Before weight reduction, diastolic dysfunction (evidence of impaired relaxation in all dogs), increased left ventricular wall thickness and mildly elevated systolic blood pressure (14\/24\u2009\u2265\u2009160\u00a0mmHg, median 165\u00a0mmHg (140\u2013183)) were common features in dogs with obesity. However, systolic left ventricular wall dimensions were the only variables that changed after weight reduction, with a decrease in both the systolic interventricular septum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.029) and systolic left ventricular free wall (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017). There was no evidence of decreased heart rate variability in dogs with obesity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.367), and no change in cardiac biomarker concentrations with weight reduction (N-terminal proBNP,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.262; cardiac troponin I<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.657).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canine obesity results in diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy, the latter of which improves with significant weight and fat mass reduction. Further studies are required to clarify the clinical consequences of these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03449-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T04:02:53Z","timestamp":1663646573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The effect of obesity and subsequent weight reduction on cardiac structure and function in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Partington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Hodgkiss-Geere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. R. 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J Exp Pyschol Gen. 2012;141(1):2\u201318.","journal-title":"J Exp Pyschol Gen"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03449-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03449-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03449-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T06:26:27Z","timestamp":1701066387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03449-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03449-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the University of Liverpool Veterinary Research Ethics Committee (RETH000353 and VREC793) and the Royal Canin Ethical Review Committee (RCWMC_2021_01_V1). Enrolled dogs, were client-owned pets referred for weight management and all clinical investigations performed, other than non-invasive echocardiography and electrocardiography, were routine investigations (deemed standard of care) for such patients. All diagnostic procedures were clinically indicated, were to the benefit of the patient and were performed to the highest standards of veterinary practice. The intervention (therapeutic diet) was clinically necessary to improve the health and welfare of the patients. Owners of all participating animals gave written, informed consent.The authors confirm that all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and veterinary regulations, and that although the study involved clinical cases (not experimental animals) methods were reported in accordance to the ARRIVE guidelines as applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"N\/A","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The study was funded by a grant from Royal Canin, a division of Mars Petcare, and this company manufactured the diets fed in this study. Vincent Biourge and John Flanagan are employees of Royal Canin. Alexander J. German and Georgia R.T. Woods are employees of the University of Liverpool but their positions are funded by Royal Canin. Both have received financial remuneration and gifts for providing educational material, speaking at conferences, and consultancy work. Joanna Dukes-McEwan and colleagues in the cardiology service have also participated in a study funded by Royal Canin investigating a nutritional management for feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"351"}}