{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:28:27Z","timestamp":1762543707454},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Selecting American mink (<jats:italic>Neovison vison<\/jats:italic>) for tolerance to Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) has gained popularity in recent years, but data on the outcomes of this activity are scant. The objectives of this study were to determine the long-term changes in viremia, seroconversion and survival in infected mink. Mink were inoculated intranasally with a local isolate of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) over 4 years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091742). The animals had been selected for tolerance to AMDV for more than 20\u2009years (TG100) or were from herds free of AMDV (TG0). The progenies of TG100 and TG0, and their crosses with 25, 50 and 75% tolerance ancestry were also used. Blood samples were collected from each mink up to 14 times until 1211\u2009days post-inoculation (dpi) and were tested for viremia by PCR and for anti-AMDV antibodies by counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). Viremia and CIEP status were not considered when selecting replacements. Low-performing animals were pelted and the presence of antibodies in their blood and antibody titer were measured by CIEP, and viremia and viral DNA in seven organs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009936) were tested by PCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The peak incidences of viremia (66.7%) and seropositivity (93.5%) were at 35 dpi. The incidence of viremia decreased over time while the incidence of seroconversion increased. The least-squares means of the incidence of PCR positive of lymph node (0.743) and spleen (0.656) were significantly greater than those of bone marrow, liver, kidneys, lungs and small intestine (0.194 to 0.342). Differences in tolerant ancestry were significant for every trait measured. Incidences of viremia over time, terminal viremia, seropositivity over time, AMDV DNA in organs and antibody titer were highest in the susceptible groups (TG0 or TG25) and lowest in the tolerant groups (TG100 or TG75).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous history of selection for tolerance resulted in mink with reduced viral replication and antibody titer. Viremia had a negative effect and antibody production had a positive effect on survival and productivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03462-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T12:02:51Z","timestamp":1664798571000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Long-term antibody production and viremia in American mink (Neovison vison) challenged with Aleutian mink disease virus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"A. Hossain","family":"Farid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irshad","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priyanka P.","family":"Rupasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jancy","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irin","family":"Arju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"3462_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-013-1914-1","volume":"159","author":"SF Cotmore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cotmore SF, Agbandje-McKenna M, Chiorini JA, Mukha DV, Pintel DJ, Qiu J, et al. The family Parvoviridae. Arch Virol. 2014;159:1239\u201347.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"3462_CR2","first-page":"74","volume":"1","author":"DG Ingram","year":"1974","unstructured":"Ingram DG, Cho HJ. Aleutian disease in mink: virology immunology and pathogenesis. J Rheumatol. 1974;1:74\u201392.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"3462_CR3","first-page":"32","volume":"18","author":"DD Porter","year":"1974","unstructured":"Porter DD, Larsen AE. Aleutian disease of mink. Prog Med Virol. 1974;18:32\u201347.","journal-title":"Prog Med Virol"},{"key":"3462_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-2776(08)60046-2","volume":"29","author":"DD Porter","year":"1980","unstructured":"Porter DD, Larsen AE, Porter HG. Aleutian disease of mink. Adv Immunol. 1980;29:261\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0065-2776(08)60046-2.","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"key":"3462_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"93","author":"B Aasted","year":"1985","unstructured":"Aasted B. Aleutian disease of mink: virology and immunology. Acta Path Microbiol Immunol Scand Sec C. 1985;93:1\u201347.","journal-title":"Acta Path Microbiol Immunol Scand Sec C"},{"key":"3462_CR6","first-page":"42","volume":"33","author":"DD Porter","year":"1986","unstructured":"Porter DD. Aleutian disease: a persistent parvovirus infection of mink with a maximal but ineffective host immune response. Prog Med Virol. 1986;33:42\u201360.","journal-title":"Prog Med Virol"},{"key":"3462_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.1990.tb05699.x","volume":"98","author":"S Alexandersen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Alexandersen S. Studies on the pathogenesis of disease caused by the Aleutian mink disease parvovirus. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand A. 1990;98:5\u201332.","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand A"},{"key":"3462_CR8","first-page":"96","volume":"97","author":"OR Kaaden","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kaaden OR, Bartel E, Haas L, Kierek-Jaczszuk D, Lochelt M, Muller F, et al. Mechanisms contributing to the virus persistence in Aleutian disease. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1990;97:96\u20139.","journal-title":"Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"3462_CR9","first-page":"279","volume":"3","author":"ME Bloom","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bloom ME, Kanno H, Mori S, Wolfinbarger JB. Aleutian mink disease: puzzles and paradigms. Infect Agents Dis. 1994;3:279\u2013301.","journal-title":"Infect Agents Dis"},{"key":"3462_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2005.00864.x","volume":"52","author":"SM Best","year":"2005","unstructured":"Best SM, Bloom ME. Pathogenesis of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus and similarities to B19 infection. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2005;52:331\u20134.","journal-title":"J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health"},{"key":"3462_CR11","first-page":"457","volume-title":"Parvoviruses","author":"SM Best","year":"2006","unstructured":"Best SM, Bloom ME. Aleutian mink disease parvovirus. In: Kerr J, Cotmore S, Bloom ME, editors. Parvoviruses. London: Hodder Arnold Publication; 2006. p. 457\u201371."},{"key":"3462_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01119","volume":"6","author":"M Canuti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Canuti M, Whitney HG, Lang AS. Amdoparvoviruses in small mammals: expanding our understanding of parvovirus diversity, distribution and pathology. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:1119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01119.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"3462_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.07.014","volume":"173","author":"I Hussain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hussain I, Price GW, Farid AH. Inactivation of Aleutian mink disease virus through high temperature exposure in vitro and under field-based composting conditions. Vet Microbiol. 2014;173:50\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.07.014.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"3462_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.09.003","volume":"23","author":"Y Castelruiz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Castelruiz Y, Blixenkrone-M\u00f8ller M, Aasted B. DNA vaccination with the Aleutian mink disease virus NS1 gene confers partial protection against disease. Vaccine. 2005;23:1225\u201331.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"3462_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2017.0044","volume":"31","author":"D Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu D, Li J, Shi K, Zeng F, Zong Y, Leng X, et al. Construction and immunogenicity analysis of whole-gene mutation DNA vaccine of Aleutian mink virus isolated virulent strain. Viral Immunol. 2018;31:69\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vim.2017.0044.","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"3462_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.7.1.18-22.1978","volume":"7","author":"HJ Cho","year":"1978","unstructured":"Cho HJ, Greenfield J. Eradication of Aleutian disease of mink by eliminating positive Counterimmunoelectrophoresis test reactors. J Clin Microbiol. 1978;7:18\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3462_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-55-86","volume":"55","author":"A-M Andersson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andersson A-M, Wallgren P. Evaluation of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for serodiagnosis of Aleutian mink disease virus infection in mink. Acta Vet Scand. 2013;55:86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1751-0147-55-86.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"3462_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2014.01.011","volume":"199","author":"R Dam-Tuxen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dam-Tuxen R, Dahl J, Jensen TH, Dam-Tuxen T, Struve T, Bruun L. Diagnosing Aleutian mink disease infection by a new fully automated ELISA or by counter current immunoelectrophoresis: a comparison of sensitivity and specificity. J Virol Methods. 2014;199:53\u201360.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"3462_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-11-141","volume":"11","author":"A Knuuttila","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knuuttila A, Aronen P, Eerola M, Gardner IA, Virtala AM, Vapalahti O. Validation of an automated ELISA system for detection of antibodies to Aleutian mink disease virus using blood samples collected in filter paper strips. Virol J. 2014;11:141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-422X-11-141.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"3462_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.03.010","volume":"106","author":"AH Farid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Farid AH, Zillig ML, Finley GG, Smith GC. Prevalence of Aleutian mink disease virus infection in Nova Scotia, Canada. Prev Vet Med. 2012;106:332\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.03.010.","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"3462_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.010.10.004","volume":"171","author":"TH Jensen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jensen TH, Christensen LS, Chri\u00e9l M, Uttenthal A, Hammer AS. Implementation and validation of a sensitive PCR detection method in the eradication campaign against Aleutian mink disease virus. J Virol Methods. 2011;171:81\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.010.10.004.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"3462_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.06.003","volume":"102","author":"GE Themudo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Themudo GE, Ostergaard J, Ersb\u00d8ll AK. Persistent spatial clusters of plasmacytosis among Danish mink farms. Prev Vet Med. 2011;102:75\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.06.003.","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"3462_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prieto A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Antonio R, L\u00f3pez-Lorenzo G, D\u00edaz-Cao JM, L\u00f3pez-Novo C, Remesar S, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Aleutian mink disease virus causing outbreaks in mink farms from southwestern Europe: a retrospective study from 2012 to 2019. J Vet Sci. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4142\/jvs.2020.21.e65.","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2020.21.e65"},{"key":"3462_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-4571.2011.00224.x","volume":"5","author":"LA Nituch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nituch LA, Bowman J, Wilson P, Schulte-Hostedde AI. Molecular epidemiology of Aleutian disease virus i n free-ranging domestic, hybrid and wild mink. Evol Appl. 2012;5:330\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1752-4571.2011.00224.x.","journal-title":"Evol Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"3462_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122194","volume":"10","author":"S Persson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Persson S, Jensen TH, Blomstr\u00f6m A-L, Appelberg MT, Magnusson U. Aleutian mink disease virus in free-ranging mink from Sweden. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0122194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122194.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3462_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-55-10","volume":"55","author":"AH Farid","year":"2013","unstructured":"Farid AH. Aleutian mink disease virus in furbearing mammals in Nova Scotia, Canada. Acta Vet Scand. 2013;55:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1751-0147-55-10.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"3462_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.000081","volume":"96","author":"A Knuuttila","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knuuttila A, Aaltonen K, Virtala AK, Henttonen H, Isomursu M, Leimann A, et al. Aleutian mink disease virus in free-ranging mustelids in Finland - a cross-sectional epidemiological and phylogenetic study. J Gen Virol. 2015;96:1423\u201335.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"3462_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.04.013","volume":"204","author":"A Prieto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prieto A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Antonio R, D\u00edaz-Cao JM, L\u00f3pez G, D\u00edaz P, Alonso JM, et al. Distribution of Aleutian mink disease virus contamination in the environment of infected mink farms. Vet Microbiol. 2017;204:59\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.04.013.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"3462_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.02.009","volume":"111","author":"AH Farid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Farid AH, Ferns LE. Reduced severity of histopathological lesions in mink selected for tolerance to Aleutian mink disease virus infection. Res Vet Sci. 2017;111:127\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.02.009.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"3462_CR30","first-page":"110","volume":"16","author":"AH Farid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farid AH. Response of American mink to selection for tolerance to Aleutian mink disease virus. EC Microbiol. 2020;16:110\u201328.","journal-title":"EC Microbiol"},{"key":"3462_CR31","first-page":"37","volume":"21","author":"JB Henson","year":"1963","unstructured":"Henson JB, Gorham JR, Leader RW. Familial occurrence of hypergammaglobulinemia in mink. Tex Rep Biol Med. 1963;21:37\u201342.","journal-title":"Tex Rep Biol Med"},{"key":"3462_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03548624","volume":"29","author":"B Aasted","year":"1988","unstructured":"Aasted B, Hauch H. Studies on the progression of Aleutian disease in mink. Acta Vet Scand. 1988;29:315\u201321.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"3462_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82522-8","volume":"11","author":"K Karimi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karimi K, Farid AH, Myles S, Miar Y. Detection of selection signatures for response to Aleutian mink disease virus infection in American mink. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):2944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-82522-8.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3462_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1996.57.12.1706","volume":"57","author":"MK Jackson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jackson MK, Winslow SG, Dockery LD, Jones JK, Sisson DV. Investigation of an outbreak of Aleutian disease on a commercial mink ranch. Am J Vet Res. 1996;57:1706\u201310.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"3462_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.115.4.1034","volume":"115","author":"ME Bloom","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bloom ME, Race RE, Hadlow WJ, Chesebro B. Aleutian disease of mink: the antibody response of sapphire and pastel mink to Aleutian disease virus. J Immunol. 1975;115:1034\u20137.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"3462_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Farid AH, Hussain I. Dose response of black American mink to Aleutian mink disease virus. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2020:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.290.","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.290"},{"key":"3462_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.41.3.1016-1023.1983","volume":"41","author":"WJ Hadlow","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hadlow WJ, Race RE, Kennedy RC. Comparative pathogenicity of four strains of Aleutian disease virus for pastel and sapphire mink. Infect Immun. 1983;41:1016\u201323.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"3462_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.55.3.853-856.1985","volume":"55","author":"WJ Hadlow","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hadlow WJ, Race RE, Kennedy RC. Temporal replication of the Pullman strain of Aleutian disease virus in royal pastel mink. J Virol. 1985;55:853\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.55.3.853-856.1985.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"3462_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.11.041","volume":"168","author":"TH Jensen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jensen TH, Hammer AS, Chri\u00e9l M. Monitoring chronic infection with a field strain of Aleutian mink disease virus. Vet Microbiol. 2014;168:420\u20137.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"3462_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.02.006","volume":"124","author":"AH Farid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farid AH, Hussain I. A comparison between intraperitoneal injection and intranasal and oral inoculation of mink with Aleutian mink disease virus. Res Vet Sci. 2019;124:85\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.02.006.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"3462_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02685-w","volume":"16","author":"AH Farid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farid AH, Smith NJ. Dietary supplementation of Ascophylum nodosum improved kidney function of mink challenged with Aleutian mink disease virus. BMC Vet Res. 2020;16:465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-020-02685-w.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"3462_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.62.5.1495-1507.1988","volume":"62","author":"S Alexandersen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Alexandersen S, Bloom ME, Wolfinbarger J. Evidence of restricted viral replication in adult mink infected with Aleutian disease of mink parvovirus. J Virol. 1988;62:1495\u2013507.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"3462_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1996.57.12.1753","volume":"57","author":"MK Jackson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jackson MK, Ellis LC, Morrey JD, Li ZZ, Barnard DL. Progression of Aleutian disease in natural and experimentally induced infections of mink. Am J Vet Res. 1996;57:1753\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"3462_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.50.1.38-41.1984","volume":"50","author":"WJ Hadlow","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hadlow WJ, Race RE, Kennedy RC. Royal pastel mink respond variously to inoculation with Aleutian disease virus of low virulence. J Virol. 1984;50:38\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.50.1.38-41.1984.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"3462_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4172\/2325-9590.1000253","volume":"7","author":"AH Farid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Farid AH, Daftarian PM, Fatehi J. Transmission dynamics of Aleutian mink disease virus on a farm under test and removal scheme. J Vet Sci Med Diagn. 2018;7:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2325-9590.1000253.","journal-title":"J Vet Sci Med Diagn"},{"key":"3462_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1159\/000059397","volume":"128","author":"H Tlaskalov\u00e1-Hogenov\u00e1","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tlaskalov\u00e1-Hogenov\u00e1 H, Tu\u010dkov\u00e1 L, Lodinov\u00e1-\u017d\u00e1dnikov\u00e1 R, \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 R, Cukrowska B, Funda DP, et al. Mucosal immunity: its role in defense and allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002;128:77\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000059397.","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"3462_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/08830180305230","volume":"22","author":"CJ Miller","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miller CJ, L\u00fc FX. Anti-HIV and -SIV immunity in the vagina. Int Rev Immunol. 2003;22:65\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08830180305230.","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"3462_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12072","volume":"254","author":"H Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu H, Wang X, Veazey RS. Mucosal immunology of HIV infection. Immunol Rev. 2013;254:10\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.12072.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"3462_CR49","first-page":"1619","volume":"38","author":"SH An","year":"1977","unstructured":"An SH, Ingram DG. Detection of inapparent Aleutian disease virus infection in mink. Am J Vet Res. 1977;38:1619\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"3462_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.11.1.92-94.1975","volume":"11","author":"AE Larsen","year":"1975","unstructured":"Larsen AE, Porter DD. Pathogenesis of Aleutian disease of mink: identification of nonprogressive infections. Infect Immun. 1975;11:92\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.11.1.92-94.1975.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"3462_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.02.007","volume":"184","author":"Z Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Z, Wu W, Hu B, Zhang H, Bai X, Zhao J, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Aleutian mink disease virus in China. Virus Res. 2014;184:14\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.02.007.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"3462_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638715580982","volume":"27","author":"AH Farid","year":"2015","unstructured":"Farid AH, Hussain I, Arju I. Detection of Aleutian mink disease virus DNA and anti-viral antibodies in American mink (Neovison vison) 10 days post-inoculation. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2015;27:287\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1040638715580982.","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"3462_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1385\/MB:26:2:133","volume":"26","author":"P R\u00e5dstr\u00f6m","year":"2004","unstructured":"R\u00e5dstr\u00f6m P, Knutsson R, Wolffs P, L\u00f6venklev M, L\u00f6fstr\u00f6m C. Pre-PCR processing: strategies to generate PCR-compatible samples. Mol Biotechnol. 2004;26:133\u201346.","journal-title":"Mol Biotechnol"},{"key":"3462_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.10.3741-3751.1997","volume":"63","author":"IG Wilson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wilson IG. Inhibition and facilitation of nucleic acid amplification. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997;63:3741\u201351.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3462_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1159\/000149727","volume":"27","author":"ME Bloom","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bloom ME, Race RE, Wolfinbarger JB. Analysis of Aleutian disease of mink parvovirus infection using strand-specific hybridization probe. Intervirol. 1987;27(2):102\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000149727.","journal-title":"Intervirol."},{"key":"3462_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/118.5.510","volume":"118","author":"CM Eklund","year":"1968","unstructured":"Eklund CM, Hadlow WJ, Kennedy RC, Boyle CC, Jackson TA. Aleutian disease of mink: properties of the etiologic agent and the host responses. J Infect Dis. 1968;118:510\u201326.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3462_CR57","first-page":"15","volume":"90","author":"B Aasted","year":"1982","unstructured":"Aasted B, Cohn A. Inhibition of precipitation in counter current electrophoresis A sensitive method for detection of mink antibodies to Aleutian disease virus. Acta Path Microbiol Immunol Scand Sect C. 1982;90:15\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Path Microbiol Immunol Scand Sect C"},{"key":"3462_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.18.3.637-644.1983","volume":"18","author":"B Aasted","year":"1983","unstructured":"Aasted B, Bloom ME. Sensitive radioimmune assay for measuring Aleutian disease virus antigen and antibody. J Clin Microbiol. 1983;18:637\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.18.3.637-644.1983.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3462_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.02.010","volume":"140","author":"A-M Andersson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andersson A-M, Nyman A-K, Wallgren P. A retrospective cohort study estimating the individual Aleutian disease progress in female mink using a VP2 ELISA and its association to reproductive performance. Prev Vet Med. 2017;140:60\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.02.010.","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3462_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.vsrr\/2016.2.1.23.30","volume":"2","author":"A-M Andersson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andersson A-M, Nyman A-K, Wallgren P. Serodiagnosis of Aleutian disease virus infection in mink \u2013 short term stability and long term consistency of antibody levels measured by VP2 ELISA. Vet Sci Res Rev. 2016;2(1):23\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17582\/journal.vsrr\/2016.2.1.23.30.","journal-title":"Vet Sci Res Rev"},{"key":"3462_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1148526","volume":"318","author":"L R\u00e5berg","year":"2007","unstructured":"R\u00e5berg L, Sim D, Read AF. Disentangling genetic variation for resistance and tolerance to infectious diseases in animals. Science. 2007;318:812\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1148526.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3462_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0184","volume":"364","author":"L R\u00e5berg","year":"2009","unstructured":"R\u00e5berg L, Graham AL, Read AF. Decomposing health: tolerance and resistance to parasites in animals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009;364:37\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2008.0184.","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"3462_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.012","volume":"36","author":"J Naessens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Naessens J. Bovine trypanotolerance: a natural ability to prevent severe anaemia and haemophagocytic syndrome? Int J Parasitol. 2006;36(5):521\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.012.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3462_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0388.2007.00702.x","volume":"124","author":"ME Goddard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goddard ME, Hayes BJ. Genomic selection. J Anim Breed Genet. 2007;124(6):323\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0388.2007.00702.x.","journal-title":"J Anim Breed Genet"},{"key":"3462_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2016-0567","volume":"63","author":"AH Farid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Farid AH, Rupasinghe PP. A fast and accurate method of detecting Aleutian mink disease virus in blood and tissues of chronically infected mink. Can J Microbiol. 2017;63:341\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/cjm-2016-0567.","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03462-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03462-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03462-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T03:53:08Z","timestamp":1728100388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03462-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03462-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1746-6148"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Mink were managed according to the industry standards (). All procedures were performed in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines (). Inoculation and samplings were performed according to the standards of the Canadian Council for Animal Care () after approval by Dalhousie University Animal Care and Use Committee (file numbers 2009\u2013015, 2013\u2013079; Ms. Laurel MacIntosh, Secretary of the Council). Prior to inoculation or blood sampling, animals were anesthetized by intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride at the rates of 10\u2009mg and 2\u2009mg per kg live weight, respectively. Euthanasia was performed in mink under anesthesia by intracardiac injection of sodium pentobarbital at the rate of 100\u2009mg per kg body weight.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"364"}}