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Diseases impacting bull reproductive performance have significant economic consequences for producers. Anaplasmosis may be an underappreciated cause of poor reproductive performance in bulls. The primary systemic effects of bovine anaplasmosis including anemia, fever, and weight loss, can all result in unsatisfactory reproductive performance. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate breeding soundness examination (BSE) outcomes and clinical changes in bulls during and upon resolution of clinical anaplasmosis.\n                      <jats:italic>Anaplasma marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                      -challenged bulls were observed for clinical disease and infection progression and changes in breeding soundness compared to uninfected control bulls for 16 weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All\n                      <jats:italic>Anaplasma marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                      -challenged bulls were PCR-positive, seropositive, and showed clinical signs by 3-, 17-, and 24-days post-challenge, respectively. Clinical signs of anaplasmosis included pallor, icterus, fever (\n                      <jats:underline>\u2265<\/jats:underline>\n                      \u200940.2\u00a0\u00b0C), and weight loss. Acute anemia was observed in all challenged bulls with PCV nadirs\u2009\u2264\u200918% and peak percent parasitized erythrocyte\u2009\u2265\u200950%. Decreased scrotal circumference and poor semen quality (e.g., increased percentage of abnormal spermatozoa, decreased progressively motile sperm), were initially observed within days after onset of clinical anaplasmosis signs and continued weeks beyond disease resolution. Control bulls remained negative for\n                      <jats:italic>A. marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study demonstrates that clinical anaplasmosis reduces breeding soundness in beef bulls. Anaplasmosis should be considered as a differential for bulls with decreased semen quality, especially within endemic areas. A 90\u00a0day or greater retest window is recommended for bulls of unsatisfactory breeding potential recently recovered from clinical anaplasmosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03470-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T03:04:40Z","timestamp":1667012680000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Satisfactory breeding potential is transiently eliminated in beef bulls with clinical anaplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Anne C.","family":"Lovett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Reppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Jaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Macy R.","family":"Flowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naemi P.","family":"Bickmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tippawan","family":"Anantatat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon C.","family":"O\u2019Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chance L.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Reif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"3470_CR1","unstructured":"(NASS) NASS. 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Animals were procured and approved for use in this study by collaborator and co-author Dr. John Jaeger from the Kansas State University Western Kansas Agricultural Research and Extension Center herd (Hays, Kansas). All procedures involving animals were performed in full compliance with the approved study-specific IACUC protocol. All methods were carried out in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching and in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"381"}}