{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:46:15Z","timestamp":1792806375797,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007807","name":"Japan Science Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K14976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K14976"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006728","name":"Parents and Professors' Association, Kitasato University School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006728","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus canis<\/jats:italic>causes deep pyoderma in canines, which raises concerns about the risk of isolates from lesions acquiring an antibiotic-resistant phenotype. It is necessary to identify effective antibiotics and the characteristics of the pathogenic cluster for<jats:italic>S. canis<\/jats:italic>-associated deep pyoderma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The signalment, molecular typing, and antibiotic-resistant status of<jats:italic>S. canis<\/jats:italic>isolated from deep pyoderma lesions (27 strains) and oral cavities (26 strains) were analyzed. Older dogs tended to have<jats:italic>S. canis<\/jats:italic>-associated deep pyoderma (15 of 27 dogs over 10\u2009years old). Veterinarians chose quinolones for 10\/16 cases (63%), even though the rate of quinolone-resistant strains of<jats:italic>S. canis<\/jats:italic>is 38\u201359%. Although 70% of the strains showed resistance to three or more antibiotic classes (37\/53), 94% (50\/53) strains showed sensitivity for penicillins. We also identified \u03b2-lactamase activity among penicillin-resistant strains of<jats:italic>S. canis<\/jats:italic>. Clonal complex 13 (CC13) was detected only in lesions and formed independent clusters in the phylogenetic tree. One strain of CC13 was resistant to the anti-methicillin-resistant<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>drugs, vancomycin and linezolid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although antibiotic-resistant strains of<jats:italic>S. canis<\/jats:italic>are isolated at a high rate, they can currently be treated with \u03b2-lactamase-inhibiting penicillins. CC13 may be a pathogenic cluster with high levels of antibiotics resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03482-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T08:03:54Z","timestamp":1667981034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Antibiotic-resistant status and pathogenic clonal complex of canine Streptococcus canis-associated deep pyoderma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4292-5533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ichiro","family":"Imanishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Iyori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Tak\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Asahina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manami","family":"Tsunoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuji","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jumpei","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Sakaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunji","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3482_CR1","volume-title":"Muller & Kirk's small animal dermatology","author":"WH Miller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miller WH, Griffin CE, Campbell KL, Muller GH, Scott DW. Muller & Kirk's small animal dermatology. 7th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2013.","edition":"7"},{"key":"3482_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.04.002","volume":"235","author":"A Loeffler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Loeffler A, Lloyd DH. What has changed in canine pyoderma? A narrative review. Vet J. 2018;235:73\u201382.","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"6","key":"3482_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101070","volume":"172","author":"L Beco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beco L, Guagu\u00e8re E, Lorente M\u00e9ndez C, Noli C, Nuttall T, Vroom M. Suggested guidelines for using systemic antimicrobials in bacterial skin infections: part 2- antimicrobial choice, treatment regimens and compliance. Vet Record. 2013;172(6):156\u201360.","journal-title":"Vet Record"},{"issue":"1","key":"3482_CR4","first-page":"23","volume":"55","author":"T Galp\u00e9rine","year":"2007","unstructured":"Galp\u00e9rine T, Cazorla C, Blanchard E, Boineau F, Ragnaud J-M, Neau D. Streptococcus canis infections in humans: retrospective study of 54 patients. J Inf Secur. 2007;55(1):23\u20136.","journal-title":"J Inf Secur"},{"key":"3482_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.5455\/vetworld.2012.311-319","volume":"5","author":"B Sharma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sharma B, Srivastava M, Srivastava A, Singh R. Canine streptococcal toxic shock syndrome associated with necrotizing fasciitis: an overview. Vet World. 2012;5:311\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"issue":"7","key":"3482_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01765-06","volume":"45","author":"MM Lam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lam MM, Clarridge JE 3rd, Young EJ, Mizuki S. The other group G streptococcus: increased detection of Streptococcus canis ulcer infections in dog owners. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(7):2327\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3482_CR7","first-page":"422","volume":"36","author":"LA Deviriese","year":"1986","unstructured":"Deviriese LA, Hommez J, Kilpper-balz R, Schileifer K. Streptococcus canis sp. nov.: a species of group G streptococci from animals. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 1986;36(3):422\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"3482_CR8","first-page":"344","volume":"69","author":"D Janos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Janos D, Imre K, Herman V. Research on frequency and characterization of Streptococcus canis strains isolated from dog and cat. Bull Univ Agric Sci Vet Med Cluj-Napoca Horticult. 2012;69:344\u20138.","journal-title":"Bull Univ Agric Sci Vet Med Cluj-Napoca Horticult"},{"issue":"5","key":"3482_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13287","volume":"121","author":"C Ludwig","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ludwig C, de Jong A, Moyaert H, El Garch F, Janes R, Klein U, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring of dermatological bacterial pathogens isolated from diseased dogs and cats across Europe (ComPath results). J Appl Microbiol. 2016;121(5):1254\u201367.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"3482_CR10","first-page":"353","volume":"115","author":"MC Ossiprandi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ossiprandi MC, Cattabiani F, Bottarelli E. Streptococcal flora of the oral cavity of dogs. Rivista di Igiene Microbiologia Epidemiologia. 2001;115:353\u201363.","journal-title":"Rivista di Igiene Microbiologia Epidemiologia"},{"key":"3482_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2017.01.002","volume":"7","author":"D Taniyama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taniyama D, Abe Y, Sakai T, Kikuchi T, Takahashi T. Human case of bacteremia caused by Streptococcus canis sequence type 9 harboring the scm gene. IDCases. 2017;7:48\u201352.","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"3482_CR12","volume-title":"Canine and feline infectious diseases","author":"JE Sykes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sykes JE. Canine and feline infectious diseases: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013."},{"key":"3482_CR13","volume-title":"Streptococcus pyogenes: basic biology to clinical manifestations","author":"DL Stevens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stevens DL, Bryant AE. Impetigo, erysipelas and cellulitis. In: Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, editors. Streptococcus pyogenes: basic biology to clinical manifestations. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2016."},{"issue":"2","key":"3482_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2018.231","volume":"72","author":"Y Fukushima","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fukushima Y, Tsuyuki Y, Goto M, Yoshida H, Takahashi T. Species identification of \u03b2-hemolytic streptococci from diseased companion animals and their antimicrobial resistance data in Japan (2017). Jpn J Infect Dis. 2019;72(2):94\u20138.","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3482_CR15","first-page":"266","volume":"53","author":"M von Specht","year":"2021","unstructured":"von Specht M, Garc\u00eda Gabarrot G, Mollerach M, Bonofiglio L, Gagetti P, Kaufman S, et al. Resistance to \u03b2-lactams in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2021;53(3):266\u201371.","journal-title":"Rev Argent Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3482_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2015.02.001","volume":"3","author":"M Haenni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haenni M, Hourquet C, Saras E, Madec JY. Genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus canis in France. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2015;3(2):142\u20133.","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"3","key":"3482_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2019.392","volume":"73","author":"Y Fukushima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fukushima Y, Tsuyuki Y, Goto M, Yoshida H, Takahashi T. Novel quinolone nonsusceptible Streptococcus canis strains with point mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions and their related factors. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2020;73(3):242\u20139.","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3482_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2016.375","volume":"70","author":"Y Tsuyuki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsuyuki Y, Kurita G, Murata Y, Goto M, Takahashi T. Identification of group G streptococcal isolates from companion animals in Japan and their antimicrobial resistance patterns. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2017;70(4):394\u20138.","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3482_CR19","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Animal media","author":"A Holdings","year":"2021","unstructured":"Holdings A. White paper on household animal. In: Animal media; 2021. p. 12\u20139."},{"issue":"3","key":"3482_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0211786","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211786","volume":"14","author":"Y Fujiya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fujiya Y, Hayakawa K, Gu Y, Yamamoto K, Mawatari M, Kutsuna S, et al. Age-related differences in clinical characteristics of invasive group G streptococcal infection: comparison with group a and group B streptococcal infections. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0211786.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"3482_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1697-5157","volume":"50","author":"C Weingart","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weingart C, Kershaw O, Kohn B, Rohwedder T. Life-threatening acute neutrophilic vasculitis in a Shar-Pei puppy. Tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere \/ Heimtiere. 2022;50(1):57\u201363.","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere \/ Heimtiere"},{"issue":"3","key":"3482_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985809359601","volume":"47","author":"CG Lamm","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lamm CG, Ferguson AC, Lehenbauer TW, Love BC. Streptococcal infection in dogs: a retrospective study of 393 cases. Vet Pathol. 2010;47(3):387\u201395.","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3482_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01521.x","volume":"33","author":"R Hakenbeck","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hakenbeck R, Grebe T, Z\u00e4hner D, Stock JB. Beta-lactam resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: penicillin-binding proteins and non-penicillin-binding proteins. Mol Microbiol. 1999;33(4):673\u20138.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3482_CR24","first-page":"431","volume":"50","author":"L Bonofiglio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bonofiglio L, Gagetti P, Garc\u00eda Gabarrot G, Kaufman S, Mollerach M, Toresani I, et al. Susceptibility to \u03b2-lactams in \u03b2-hemolytic streptococci. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2018;50(4):431\u20135.","journal-title":"Rev Argent Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3482_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12118","volume":"25","author":"A Hillier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hillier A, Lloyd DH, Weese JS, Blondeau JM, Boothe D, Breitschwerdt E, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of canine superficial bacterial folliculitis (antimicrobial guidelines working group of the international society for companion animal infectious diseases). Vet Dermatol. 2014;25(3):163\u2013e143.","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"3482_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00631","volume":"10","author":"MD Pinho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pinho MD, Foster G, Pomba C, Machado MP, Baily JL, Kuiken T, et al. Streptococcus canis are a single population infecting multiple animal hosts despite the diversity of the universally present M-like protein SCM. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:631.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3482_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12714","volume":"23","author":"AE Enache","year":"2020","unstructured":"Enache AE, Mitchell C, Kafarnik C, Waller AS. Streptococcus canis multilocus sequence typing in a case series of dogs with ulcerative keratitis. Vet Ophthalmol. 2020;23(2):252\u20138.","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3482_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.209.08.1421","volume":"209","author":"CW Miller","year":"1996","unstructured":"Miller CW, Prescott JF, Mathews KA, Betschel SD, Yager JA, Guru V, et al. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1996;209(8):1421\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"3482_CR29","first-page":"90","volume":"63","author":"LM DeWinter","year":"1999","unstructured":"DeWinter LM, Prescott JF. Relatedness of Streptococcus canis from canine streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis. Can J Vet Res. 1999;63(2):90\u20135.","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3482_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9010183","volume":"9","author":"I Cornax","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cornax I, Zulk J, Olson J, Fulde M, Nizet V, Patras KA. Novel models of Streptococcus canis colonization and disease reveal modest contributions of M-like (SCM) protein. Microorganisms. 2021;9(1):183.","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"3482_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00080","volume":"7","author":"S Bergmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bergmann S, Eichhorn I, Kohler TP, Hammerschmidt S, Goldmann O, Rohde M, et al. SCM, the M protein of Streptococcus canis binds immunoglobulin G. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017;7:80.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"3482_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02026","volume":"10","author":"F Du","year":"2019","unstructured":"Du F, Lv X, Duan D, Wang L, Huang J. Characterization of a linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant Streptococcus suis isolate that harbors optrA and vanG operons. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:2026.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3482_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10020138","volume":"10","author":"Y Wada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wada Y, Irekeola AA, Engku Nur Syafirah EAR, Yusof W, Lih Huey L, Ladan Muhammad S, et al. Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) in companion animals: the first meta-analysis and systematic review. Antibiotics. 2021;10(2):138.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"3482_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579916","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.579916","volume":"11","author":"C Alves-Barroco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alves-Barroco C, Rivas-Garc\u00eda L, Fernandes AR, Baptista PV. Tackling multidrug resistance in streptococci - from novel biotherapeutic strategies to nanomedicines. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:579916.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"3482_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.103187","volume":"64","author":"M Yoshida","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoshida M, Sano S, Chien J-Y, Fukano H, Suzuki M, Asakura T, et al. A novel DNA chromatography method to discriminate Mycobacterium abscessus\u00a0subspecies and macrolide susceptibility. eBioMedicine. 2021;64:103187.","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"3482_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01605","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01605-17","volume":"6","author":"A Fomenkov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fomenkov A, Vincze T, Mersha F, Roberts Richard J. Complete genome sequence and methylome analysis of bacillus caldolyticus NEB414. Genome Announcements. 2018;6(6):e01605\u201317.","journal-title":"Genome Announcements"},{"issue":"2","key":"3482_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(03)00049-1","volume":"219","author":"AA Hassan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hassan AA, Khan IU, Abdulmawjood A, L\u00e4mmler C. Development of PCR assays for detection of Streptococcus canis. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003;219(2):209\u201314.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"3482_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.3.1234-1238.2005","volume":"43","author":"AA Hassan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hassan AA, Akineden O, Usleber E. Identification of Streptococcus canis isolated from milk of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43(3):1234\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3482_CR39","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals","author":"Institute CaLS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Institute CaLS. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animalsCLSI Supplement VET08. Edited by Pennsylvania, vol. 4; 2018."},{"key":"3482_CR40","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","author":"Clinical, Institute LS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clinical, Institute LS. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2017."},{"issue":"3","key":"3482_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"AP Magiorakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(3):268\u201381.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"3482_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02193-06","volume":"45","author":"T Sasaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sasaki T, Kikuchi K, Tanaka Y, Takahashi N, Kamata S, Hiramatsu K. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a veterinary teaching hospital. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(4):1118\u201325.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3482_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12975","volume":"32","author":"K Iyori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iyori K, Shishikura T, Shimoike K, Minoshima K, Imanishi I, Toyoda Y. Influence of hospital size on antimicrobial resistance and advantages of restricting antimicrobial use based on cumulative antibiograms in dogs with staphylococcus pseudintermedius infections in Japan. Vet Dermatol. 2021;32(6):668\u2013e178.","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"3482_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705648","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.705648","volume":"8","author":"K Makita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Makita K, Sugahara N, Nakamura K, Matsuoka T, Sakai M, Tamura Y. Current status of antimicrobial drug use in Japanese companion animal clinics and the factors associated with their use. Front Vet Sci. 2021;8:705648.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"3713","key":"3482_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/146837a0","volume":"146","author":"EP Abraham","year":"1940","unstructured":"Abraham EP, Chain E. An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin. Nature. 1940;146(3713):837.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03482-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03482-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03482-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T19:44:50Z","timestamp":1728330290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03482-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03482-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The present study was conducted in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines and applicable animal welfare regulations relating to the care and use of animals for scientific purposes. Informed consent was obtained from the owner of each participating dog. This experiment was approved by the Kyoto Veterinary Medical Center\u2019s Animal Ethics Committee as having no ethical issues (approval number, KAMC-004). All sampling procedures complied with international and Japanese regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"To our knowledge, the named authors have no conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"395"}}