{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T15:59:27Z","timestamp":1775577567971,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19H03131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H03131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is an uncommon neoplasm in cats. There is no established standard of treatment due to the rare occurrence of this disease in cats. Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor that serves as the first-line drug for MM in humans, but its effectiveness currently is unknown in feline MM. We present here the case report of a feline MM that exhibited a favorable response to bortezomib.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The case was an 11-year-old non-castrated male domestic cat with light-chain MM presenting with clinical symptoms (anorexia, fatigue, and vomiting), mild azotemia, and pancytopenia. The cat failed on melphalan with prednisolone (MP), so bortezomib (Velcade) was initiated on Day 88. A total of 6\u2009cycles of the treatment was performed, with each treatment cycle consisting of twice-weekly subcutaneous administration for 2\u2009weeks followed by a 1-week rest. The dose of bortezomib was 0.7\u2009mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for first week and 1.0\u2009mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for second week in the first cycle. A dose of 0.7\u2009mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> was used for subsequent cycles. Prednisolone was used concomitantly in the first 2\u2009cycles. Following treatment with bortezomib, clinical symptoms disappeared and a decrease in serum globulin and recovery of pancytopenia were noted. A monoclonal gammopathy, overproduction of serum immunoglobulin light chain, and Bence-Jones proteinuria that existed at diagnosis were undetectable on Day 123. A monoclonal gammopathy also was not detectable at the end of the bortezomib treatment (Day 213). Anorexia, fatigue, and marked bone marrow toxicity were experienced when bortezomib was administrated at a dose of 1.0\u2009mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, while no recognizable toxicity was observed at a dose of 0.7\u2009mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> throughout the treatment period. The case was placed on follow-up and there was no evidence of relapse as of Day 243.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bortezomib was effective and durable for the treatment of this case of feline MM after failure with MP. Bortezomib was well-tolerated in this cat at a dose of 0.7\u2009mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, but not at 1.0\u2009mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Bortezomib appears to be a drug worthy of further study for the treatment of feline MM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03484-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T02:02:47Z","timestamp":1667440967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A feline case of multiple myeloma treated with bortezomib"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Tani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teruki","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Oniki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoichi","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0054-7730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Bonkobara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3484_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15084","volume":"32","author":"R Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez R, Chon E. Comparison of two melphalan protocols and evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2018;32(3):1060\u20139.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3484_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2004.12.005","volume":"7","author":"F Hanna","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hanna F. Multiple myelomas in cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2005;7(5):275\u201387.","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3484_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2005.tb00059.x","volume":"34","author":"RT Patel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Patel RT, Caceres A, French AF, McManus PM. Multiple myeloma in 16 cats: a retrospective study. Vet Clin Pathol. 2005;34(4):341\u201352.","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"3484_CR4","unstructured":"Sharma A, Preuss CV. Bortezomib. 2021. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30137843\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"3484_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12677","volume":"19","author":"AK LeBlanc","year":"2021","unstructured":"LeBlanc AK, Atherton M, Bentley RT, Boudreau CE, Burton JH, Curran KM, et al. Veterinary cooperative oncology group-common terminology criteria for adverse events (VCOG-CTCAE v2) following investigational therapy in dogs and cats. Vet Comp Oncol. 2021;19(2):311\u201352.","journal-title":"Vet Comp Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3484_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.104","volume":"2","author":"C Hulin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hulin C, de la Rubia J, Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E, Katodritou E, Hungria V, et al. Bortezomib retreatment for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma in real-world clinical practice. 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Hematology. 2011;16(4):200\u20138.","journal-title":"Hematology."}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03484-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03484-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03484-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T02:02:54Z","timestamp":1667440974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03484-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3484"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-022-03484-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study did not require ethical approval as it was not experimental.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"384"}}