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However, research on cattle and sheep of all ages, as well as humans, has been limited.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> in dairy cattle, sheep, humans, and manure samples. Dairy cattle and sheep were stratified according to their age groups and randomly sampled. Stool samples from volunteered dairy farm workers and rural household members were collected purposefully. A semi-structured questionnaire was also used to collect information about manure handling practices and socio-demographic variables. All collected samples were processed with the sugar floatation technique and the modified Ziehl\u2013Neelsen staining method. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of risk factors with the occurrence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium in study subjects<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The overall prevalence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> in dairy cattle, sheep, humans, and manure samples was 20.5%, 14%, 16%, and 13.20%, respectively. <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> infection was significantly higher in dairy cattle aged 1\u201312\u00a0months and 13\u201336\u00a0months with odds of 3.48 and 3.07 times higher, respectively, compared to others. Similarly, its occurrence was 2.69 times higher in sheep aged 1\u20136\u00a0months than those above 6\u00a0months. And also, a higher average oocyst count (above 10 oocysts) per-field was observed in cattle aged 1\u201312\u00a0months, followed by sheep aged 1\u20136\u00a0months. Furthermore, the likelihood of infection was 13 times greater in farm workers compared to household members of smallholder farmers. In addition, the occurrence of oocysts was 22.8 times higher in manures from dairy cattle than that of sheep. About 16.8% of the study respondents had manure disposal pit, 98.1% of them used manure as fertilizer for crop and vegetable production without any treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study revealed the occurrence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> infection in all age groups of dairy cattle and sheep, humans engaged in animal production. Occurrence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> in manure suggests it potential contamination of environment and water sources.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03497-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T09:04:42Z","timestamp":1668416682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cryptosporidium in human-animal-environment interphase at Adama and Asella areas of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kassahun","family":"Berhanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinka","family":"Ayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bekele","family":"Megersa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagos","family":"Ashenafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hika","family":"Waktole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3497_CR1","first-page":"487","volume":"23","author":"EE Tyzzer","year":"1910","unstructured":"Tyzzer EE. 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The ethical clearance was reviewed and approved by the Animal Research Ethical Review Committee (Ref. No: VM\/ERC\/12\/02\/14\/2022). Before fecal collection from animals, the objective and procedure of the study were explained to farm owners or farmers, and consent was obtained. Human related Ethical clearance was approved by department of research study on public health of Oromia regional Health bureau (Ref. No: BFO\/HBTFH\/2-\/6\/11093). The current study has been taken place in Oromia (the largest region from the twelve regional states found in the country).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"402"}}