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They can be occasionally found in peri-urban areas as well. Both of these species can serve as intermediate hosts for <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>, as they can become infected either through the consumption of oocysts found in water, soil, or on vegetables, or through the ingestion of meat containing bradyzoites. Consequently, these animals can be regarded as key indicators of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> presence in the wild or peri-urban environment. In our study, we examined a total of 174 wild boar meat juice and 128 wolf sera from Italy for the detection of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results showed that 40 (22.6%) of the wild boar meat juice and 34 (26.6%) of the wolf serum samples tested positive. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in seropositivity with respect to gender, age group, or the region of origin in both species.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall the results indicate a moderate exposure in both the species under investigation, highlighting the spread of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> in sylvatic and periurban environments. The prevalence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> in wild boar is consistent with findings from other studies conducted in Europe. Our study, with a considerably larger sample size compared to the available research in European context, provides valuable data on the seroprevalence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> in wolves.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-03922-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T11:03:17Z","timestamp":1708599797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sero-epidemiological investigation on Toxoplasma gondii infection in Apennine wolf (Canis lupus italicus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Filippo Maria","family":"Dini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Musto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo Maria","family":"De Nigris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"Bellinello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sampieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Merialdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorella","family":"Barca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Delogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Galuppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12\u201313","key":"3922_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-7519(00)00124-7","volume":"30","author":"AM Tenter","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. 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Pathogens. 2019;8(2):58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens8020058.","journal-title":"Pathogens"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-024-03922-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-024-03922-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-024-03922-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T11:10:53Z","timestamp":1708600253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-024-03922-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3922"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-024-03922-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All samples were gathered in compliance with local regulations. Specifically, wild boar samples were collected by an official veterinarian as part of the official <i>Trichinella<\/i> sampling for game meat. As for wolves, the local authority collected all animals, and necropsies were conducted at specialized centers (such as IZS or University institutions) dedicated to wildlife disease control. All the methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, no specific permission was required to perform the sampling.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Animal ethics declaration"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"62"}}