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Nevertheless, there is no systematic research of <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> species in animals that have been conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina, even though trichinellosis is considered the most important parasitic zoonosis. The available results of the few studies carried out in Bosnia and Herzegovina are mainly related to the confirmation of parasitic larvae in the musculature of domestic pigs and wild boars or data related to trichinellosis in humans. The objective of our study was to present the findings of a comprehensive investigation into the species composition of <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> among 11 carnivorous species within the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as follows: red fox (<jats:italic>Vulpes vulpes<\/jats:italic>), grey wolf (<jats:italic>Canis lupus<\/jats:italic>), brown bear (<jats:italic>Ursus arctos<\/jats:italic>), wildcat (<jats:italic>Felis silvestris<\/jats:italic>), pine marten (<jats:italic>Martes martes<\/jats:italic>), European badger (<jats:italic>Meles meles<\/jats:italic>), weasel (<jats:italic>Mustela nivalis<\/jats:italic>), European polecat (<jats:italic>Mustela putorius<\/jats:italic>), Eurasian lynx (<jats:italic>Lynx lynx<\/jats:italic>), but also dog (<jats:italic>Canis lupus familiaris<\/jats:italic>) and cat (<jats:italic>Felis catus<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the period 2013\u20132023, carnivore musculature samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009629), each consisting of 10\u00a0g of muscle tissue, were taken post-mortem and individually examined using the artificial digestion method. In the positive samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009128), molecular genotyping and identification of parasitic larvae of <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> spp. were performed using a PCR-based technique up to the species\/genotype level. Positive samples were used for basic PCR detection of the genus <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> (rrnS rt-PCR technique) and genotyping (rrnl-EVS rt-PCR technique). The <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> infection was documented for the first time in Bosnia and Herzegovina among red foxes, grey wolves, brown bears, dogs, badgers and Eurasian lynx, with a frequency rate of 20.3%. Additionally, the presence of <jats:italic>T. britovi<\/jats:italic> infection was newly confirmed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, marking the initial documented cases. Furthermore, both <jats:italic>T. britovi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. pseudospiralis<\/jats:italic> infections were observed in the wildcat population, whereas <jats:italic>T. britovi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> infections were detected in pine martens. Consistent with previous research, our findings align particularly regarding carnivores, with data from other countries such as Germany, Finland, Romania, Poland and Spain, where <jats:italic>T. britovi<\/jats:italic> exhibits a wider distribution (62.5\u2013100%) compared to <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> (0.0\u201337.5%). <jats:italic>T. britovi<\/jats:italic> is more common among sylvatic carnivores (89.0%), while <jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> prevails in wild boars (62.0%), domestic swine (82.0%) and rodents (75.0%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results of our study represent the first molecular identification of species of the genus <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Additionally, our findings underscore the necessity for targeted epidemiological studies to thoroughly assess trichinellosis prevalence across diverse animal populations. Considering the relatively high frequency of trichinellosis infection in investigated animal species and its public health implications, there is an evident need for establishing an effective trichinellosis surveillance system in Bosnia and Herzegovina.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-03964-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T11:02:35Z","timestamp":1711191755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Diversity of Trichinella species in carnivores from Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Omeragi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naida","family":"Kapo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vedad","family":"\u0160kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0106azim","family":"Crnki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0160ejla","family":"Goleti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adis","family":"Softi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teufik","family":"Goleti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3964_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2298\/VETGL190411017P","volume":"73","author":"\u0415 Pozio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pozio \u0415. 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Sample collection was conducted in strict accordance with institutional guidelines (Laboratory for Parasitology accredited by BAS EN ISO\/IEC 17025:2018), as well as national and international guidelines, encompassing the Veterinary Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina (\u201cOJ B&H,\u201d no: 34\/02), Animal Protection and Welfare Law in Bosnia and Herzegovina (\u201cOJ B&H,\u201d no: 25\/2009 and 9\/2018), in addition to the Regulation on the Method of Testing for the Presence of <i>Trichinella<\/i> Larvae in Meat (\u201cOJ B&H, no. 56\/11 and 04\/13\u201d), the World Health Organization for Animal Health (OIE) 2023 Trichinellosis (infection with <i>Trichinella<\/i> spp.) Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (Chap.\u00a03.1.22), and the European Commission 2015 Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2015\/1375 of 10 August 2015 laying down specific rules on official controls for <i>Trichinella<\/i> in meat (OJ of the European Union, 58, 7\u201334).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"117"}}