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Weight reduction can reverse myocardial remodelling and reduce risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease. In cats, far less is known regarding the effects of obesity and subsequent weight reduction on cardiovascular morphology and function. This prospective study aimed to assess cardiac morphology and function, heart rate variability, cardiac biomarkers and body composition before and after controlled weight reduction in cats with obesity. Body composition analysis (by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, DEXA) and cardiovascular assessment (echocardiography, systemic arterial systolic blood pressure, electrocardiography, plasma cardiac biomarkers) were performed prior to weight management in twenty cats with obesity. These investigations were repeated in eleven cats that reached target weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At baseline, systemic hypertension was not documented, but the majority of cats with obesity (15 out of 19) showed echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction. Eleven of 20 cats had increased maximal end-diastolic septal or left ventricular free wall thickness (\u2265\u20096.0\u00a0mm) at baseline. Median (interquartile range) percentage of weight lost in the cats reaching target weight was 26% (17\u201329%), with a median reduction in body fat mass of 45% (26\u201364%). Both the end-diastolic left ventricular free wall (median magnitude of change -0.85\u00a0mm, IQR -0.05\u00a0mm to -1.55\u00a0mm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019; median percentage reduction 14.0%) and end-diastolic interventricular septum (median magnitude of change -0.5\u00a0mm, IQR -0.2\u00a0mm to -1.225\u00a0mm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047; median percentage reduction 7.9%) thickness decreased after weight reduction. Following weight reduction, pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging of the left ventricular free wall was consistent with improved diastolic function in 4 out of 8 cats, however there was no significant difference in overall diastolic function class. Further, there was no change in heart rate variability or cardiac biomarkers with weight reduction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An increase in left ventricular wall thickness and diastolic dysfunction were common echocardiographic features in cats with obesity within our study and may be reversible with successful weight and fat mass loss. Further studies are required to clarify the clinical consequences of these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04011-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T03:01:42Z","timestamp":1713927702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The effect of obesity and subsequent weight reduction on cardiac morphology and function in cats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Catheryn","family":"Partington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Hodgkiss-Geere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia R. 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Gloucester: BSAVA, 2008, pp 56\u201361.t","DOI":"10.22233\/9781910443088.2"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04011-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04011-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04011-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T04:06:51Z","timestamp":1713931611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04011-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04011-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the University of Liverpool Veterinary Research Ethics Committee (RETH000353 and VREC793) and the Royal Canin Ethical Review Committee (150720\u201355). Enrolled cats were client-owned pets referred for weight management and all clinical investigations performed, other than non-invasive echocardiography and electrocardiography, were routine investigations (deemed standard of care) for such patients. All diagnostic procedures were clinically indicated, were to the benefit of the patient and were performed to the highest standards of veterinary practice. The intervention (therapeutic diet) was clinically necessary to improve the health and welfare of the patients. Owners of all participating animals gave written, informed consent.The authors confirm that all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and veterinary regulations, and that although the study involved clinical cases (not experimental animals) methods were reported in accordance to the ARRIVE guidelines as applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The study was funded by a grant from Royal Canin, a division of Mars Petcare, and this company manufactured the diets fed in this study.\u00a0 Vincent Biourge and John Flanagan are employees of Royal Canin.\u00a0 Alexander J. German and Georgia R.T. Woods are employees of the University of Liverpool but their positions are funded by Royal Canin. Both have received financial remuneration and gifts for providing educational material, speaking at conferences, and consultancy work. Joanna Dukes-McEwan and Hannah Hodgkiss-Geere have also participated in a study funded by Royal Canin investigating a nutritional management for feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Catheryn Partington has no competing interests to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"154"}}