{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:00:41Z","timestamp":1791327641415,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus was detected in the South American sea lions found dead in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in October 2023. Whole genome sequencing and comparative phylogenetic analysis were conducted to investigate the origin, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potentials of the H5N1 viruses. The H5N1 viruses belonged to the genotype B3.2 of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus, which was identified in North America and disseminated to South America. They have acquired new amino acid substitutions related to mammalian host affinity. Our study provides insights into the genetic landscape of HPAI H5N1 viruses in Brazil, highlighting the continuous evolutionary processes contributing to their possible adaptation to mammalian hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04137-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T13:02:28Z","timestamp":1719925348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Mortality in sea lions is associated with the introduction of the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus in Brazil October 2023: whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Andreina","family":"de Carvalho Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew Yong","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Morais Nascimento","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais Camilo","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Cristini","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Silva","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Macagnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane K. M.","family":"Kolesnikvoas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Meurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenyffer Vierheller","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia Gaglianone","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Silva","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeferson Luis","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina Rejane","family":"Groch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Volkmer","family":"de Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyvid","family":"Amgarten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Malta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick G.","family":"Dorlass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soledad","family":"Palameta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun-Hak","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarice Weis","family":"Arns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edison L.","family":"Durigon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Renato R.","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Hun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena Lage","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6592","key":"4137_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo1232","volume":"376","author":"M Wille","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wille M, Barr IG. Resurgence of avian influenza virus. Science. 2022;376(6592):459\u201360.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"4137_CR2","first-page":"e08328","volume":"21","author":"C Adlhoch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Authority EFS, Prevention ECfD, Control, Influenza EURLfA, Adlhoch C, Fusaro A, et al. Avian influenza overview June\u2013September 2023. EFSA J. 2023;21(10):e08328.","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4137_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41182-0","volume":"14","author":"M Leguia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leguia M, Garcia-Glaessner A, Mu\u00f1oz-Saavedra B, Juarez D, Barrera P, Calvo-Mac C, et al. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) in marine mammals and seabirds in Peru. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):5489.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"4137_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2909.230067","volume":"29","author":"N Ariyama","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ariyama N, Pardo-Roa C, Mu\u00f1oz G, Aguayo C, \u00c1vila C, Mathieu C, et al. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b virus in wild birds, Chile. Emerg Infect Dis J. 2023;29(9):1842\u20135.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"12","key":"4137_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2912.230192","volume":"29","author":"V Gamarra-Toledo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gamarra-Toledo V, Plaza P, Guti\u00e9rrez R, Inga-Diaz G, Saravia-Guevara P, Pereyra-Meza O, et al. Mass mortality of sea lions caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) Virus. Emerg Infect Dis J. 2023;29(12):2553.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"4137_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086-47.s3.1079","volume":"47","author":"E Spackman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Spackman E, Senne DA, Bulaga LL, Myers TJ, Perdue ML, Garber LP, et al. Development of real-time RT-PCR for the detection of avian influenza virus. Avian Dis. 2003;47(3 Suppl):1079\u201382.","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"4137_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0346-8_6","volume":"2123","author":"DH Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee DH. Complete genome sequencing of influenza A viruses using next-generation sequencing. Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2123:69\u201379.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"W1","key":"4137_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W293","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","volume":"49","author":"I Letunic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Letunic I, Bork P. Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021;49(W1):W293\u20136.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4137_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2023.109860","volume":"587","author":"S Youk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Youk S, Torchetti MK, Lantz K, Lenoch JB, Killian ML, Leyson C, et al. H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b in wild and domestic birds: introductions into the United States and reassortments, December 2021\u2013April 2022. Virology. 2023;587:109860.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"4137_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.07.028","volume":"523","author":"A Suttie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suttie A, Karlsson EA, Deng Y-M, Horm SV, Yann S, Tok S, et al. Influenza A(H5N1) viruses with A(H9N2) single gene (matrix or PB1) reassortment isolated from Cambodian live bird markets. Virology. 2018;523:22\u20136.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4137_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vey016","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vey016","volume":"4","author":"MA Suchard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suchard MA, Lemey P, Baele G, Ayres DL, Drummond AJ, Rambaut A. Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic data integration using BEAST 1.10. Virus Evol. 2018;4(1):vey016.","journal-title":"Virus Evol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4137_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2410.171891","volume":"24","author":"DH Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee DH, Torchetti MK, Hicks J, Killian ML, Bahl J, Pantin-Jackwood M, et al. Transmission dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A(H5Nx) clade 2.3.4.4, North America, 2014-2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(10):1840\u20138.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"4137_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800482105","volume":"105","author":"D Jackson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jackson D, Hossain MJ, Hickman D, Perez DR, Lamb RA. A new influenza virus virulence determinant: the NS1 protein four C-terminal residues modulate pathogenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(11):4381\u20136.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"4137_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-019-01700-z","volume":"55","author":"A Suttie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suttie A, Deng YM, Greenhill AR, Dussart P, Horwood PF, Karlsson EA. Inventory of molecular markers affecting biological characteristics of avian influenza A viruses. Virus Genes. 2019;55(6):739\u201368.","journal-title":"Virus Genes"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04137-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04137-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04137-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T13:04:23Z","timestamp":1719925463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04137-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04137-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors confirm that the journal\u2019s ethical policies have been adhered to. All the clinical samples were collected and analyzed according to the regulations of the Care and Use of Animals Committee from the Santos Basin Beach Monitoring Project (PMP\/BS) conducted by PETROBRAS as part of the environmental licensing process conducted by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) of the Brazilian Ministry of Environment (under license ABIO N\u00ba 640\/2015). Sample analysis was also performed at the Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FZEA-USP) under the approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals of FZEA-USP (CEUA\/FZEA-USP: 1128141120), and National System for the Management of Genetic Heritage and Associated Traditional Knowledge (SISGEN A028CF5).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"285"}}