{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T21:59:51Z","timestamp":1789250391672,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Africa One Health University Network","award":["OHW-NG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OHW-NG"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04289-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T07:02:21Z","timestamp":1729666941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Strengthening anthrax outbreak response and preparedness: simulation and stakeholder education in Namisindwa district, Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Abel W.","family":"Walekhwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia N.","family":"Namakula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon T.","family":"Wafula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley W.","family":"Nakawuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwinah","family":"Atusingwize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winnifred K","family":"Kansiime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Nakazibwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Mwebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert K.","family":"Isabirye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margerat I.","family":"Ndagire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah S.","family":"Kiwanuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Ndolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Kusiima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Ssekitoleko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex R.","family":"Ario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Mugisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"4289_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2021.100259","volume":"13","author":"RF Bodenham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bodenham RF, Mtui-Malamsha N, Gatei W, Woldetsadik MA, Cassell CH, Salyer SJ, et al. Multisectoral cost analysis of a human and livestock anthrax outbreak in Songwe Region, Tanzania (December 2018\u2013January 2019), using a novel Outbreak Costing Tool. One Health. 2021;13:100259.","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"4289_CR2","unstructured":"WOAH - World. Organisation for Animal Health. [cited 2023 Nov 13]. Anthrax. https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/disease\/anthrax\/"},{"key":"4289_CR3","unstructured":"Okello AL, Gibbs EPJ, Vandersmissen A. One Health and the Neglected Zoonoses - from the rhetoric into the lives of the bottom billion."},{"key":"4289_CR4","unstructured":"Atyang A. Study on Early Warning Systems in Uganda."},{"issue":"1","key":"4289_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15670-3","volume":"23","author":"H Bakiika","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bakiika H, Obuku EA, Bukirwa J, Nakiire L, Robert A, Nabatanzi M, et al. Contribution of the one health approach to strengthening health security in Uganda: a case study. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1498.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4289_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Walekhwa AW, Conlan AJ, Atim SA, Ademun AR, Hasahya E, Wood JLN et al. Exploring community-based reporting of livestock abortions for Rift Valley Fever surveillance in Uganda: A pilot study. medRxiv; 2024 [cited 2024 Jun 5]. p. 2024.05.24.24307858. https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.05.24.24307858v1","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.24.24307858v1"},{"issue":"1","key":"4289_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15534-w","volume":"23","author":"HT Nansikombi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nansikombi HT, Kwesiga B, Aceng FL, Ario AR, Bulage L, Arinaitwe ES. Timeliness and completeness of weekly surveillance data reporting on epidemic prone diseases in Uganda, 2020\u20132021. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):647.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4289_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2023.46.3.40557","volume":"46","author":"R Zavuga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zavuga R, Migisha R, Gonahasa DN, Kadobera D, Kwesiga B, Okello PE, et al. Timeliness and completeness of monthly disease surveillance data reporting, Uganda, 2020\u20132021. Pan Afr Med J. 2023;46:3.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"4289_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0196799","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196799","volume":"13","author":"M Sekamatte","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sekamatte M, Krishnasamy V, Bulage L, Kihembo C, Nantima N, Monje F, et al. Multisectoral prioritization of zoonotic diseases in Uganda, 2017: a One Health perspective. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(5):e0196799.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4289_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryazanova AG, Ezhlova EB, Pakskina ND, Semenova OV, Aksenova LYu, Eremenko EI et al. Epidemiological Situation on Anthrax in 2018, the Forecast for 2019. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii. 2019;(1):98\u2013102.","DOI":"10.21055\/0370-1069-2019-1-98-102"},{"issue":"1","key":"4289_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20083","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24589-5","volume":"12","author":"VA Ndolo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ndolo VA, Redding DW, Lekolool I, Mwangangi DM, Odhiambo DO, Deka MA, et al. Drivers and potential distribution of anthrax occurrence and incidence at national and sub-county levels across Kenya from 2006 to 2020 using INLA. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):20083.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4289_CR12","unstructured":"Ndolo V. Modelling the spatial and temporal distribution of Bacillus anthracis suitability across Uganda and Kenya: A Bayesian Approach. 2023 Jan 11 [cited 2024 Jun 5]; https:\/\/www.repository.cam.ac.uk\/handle\/1810\/345265"},{"issue":"9","key":"4289_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1109.050223","volume":"11","author":"JD Nordin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nordin JD, Goodman MJ, Kulldorff M, Ritzwoller DP, Abrams AM, Kleinman K, et al. Simulated Anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11(9):1394\u20138.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"4289_CR14","unstructured":"Estimating Economic Burden and Factors Perceived to Be Associated With Lumpy Skin Disease. in Cattle in Namisindwa District, Eastern Uganda. 2020 [cited 2023 Nov 27]. https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com"},{"issue":"4","key":"4289_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.2307\/2091346","volume":"30","author":"L Kish","year":"1965","unstructured":"Kish L. Sampling organizations and groups of unequal sizes. Am Sociol Rev. 1965;30(4):564\u201372.","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"4289_CR16","first-page":"72","volume":"57","author":"MC Lakshminarasimhappa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lakshminarasimhappa MC. Web-based and Smart Mobile App for Data Collection: Kobo Toolbox \/ Kobo collect. J Indian Libr Association. 2022;57(2):72\u20139.","journal-title":"J Indian Libr Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"4289_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06554-6","volume":"21","author":"G Agiraembabazi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agiraembabazi G, Ogwal J, Tashobya C, Kananura RM, Boerma T, Waiswa P. Can routine health facility data be used to monitor subnational coverage of maternal, newborn and child health services in Uganda? BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):512.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4289_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03822-y","volume":"20","author":"N Westercamp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Westercamp N, Staedke SG, Maiteki-Sebuguzi C, Ndyabakira A, Okiring JM, Kigozi SP, et al. Effectiveness of in-service training plus the collaborative improvement strategy on the quality of routine malaria surveillance data: results of a pilot study in Kayunga District, Uganda. Malar J. 2021;20(1):290.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4289_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.37284\/eajhs.6.1.1519","volume":"6","author":"HH Mayanja","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mayanja HH, Akunda D. Administrative Decentralisation and Health Service Delivery in Ibanda District Local Government, Uganda. East Afr J Health Sci. 2023;6(1):450\u20139.","journal-title":"East Afr J Health Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4289_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.3359","volume":"37","author":"W Mansour","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mansour W, Aryaija-Karemani A, Martineau T, Namakula J, Mubiri P, Ssengooba F, et al. Management of human resources for health in health districts in Uganda: a decision space analysis. Int J Health Plann Manag. 2022;37(2):770\u201389.","journal-title":"Int J Health Plann Manag"},{"key":"4289_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabami Z. Notes from the Field: Rift Valley Fever Outbreak \u2014 Mbarara District, Western Uganda, January\u2013March 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 [cited 2024 Jun 7];72. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/72\/wr\/mm7223a6.htm","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7223a6"},{"key":"4289_CR22","unstructured":"Epidemiological characteristics and trends of measles cases. reported through the case-based surveillance system, Uganda, 2016\u20132020 - UNIPH. 2023 [cited 2024 Jun 7]. https:\/\/uniph.go.ug\/epidemiological-characteristics-and-trends-of-measles-cases-reported-through-the-case-based-surveillance-system-uganda-2016-2020\/"},{"key":"4289_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2024.36","volume":"18","author":"JA Banaski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Banaski JA, Govender N, Groome MJ, Houser R, Greiner A, Krishnan S, et al. Introducing www.epidemic-em.org: a Collection of Online resources and Training materials for strengthening use of Emergency Operations Centers for Epidemic Response. Disaster Med Pub Health Prep. 2024;18:e48.","journal-title":"Disaster Med Pub Health Prep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4289_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s42522-024-00103-x","volume":"6","author":"EA Mensah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mensah EA, Gyasi SO, Nsubuga F, Alali WQ. A proposed one Health approach to control yellow fever outbreaks in Uganda. One Health Outlook. 2024;6(1):9.","journal-title":"One Health Outlook"},{"issue":"1","key":"4289_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03729-8","volume":"20","author":"A Atukunda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Atukunda A, Deogratius MA, Arinaitwe E, Orishaba P, Kamya MR, Nankabirwa JI. Do clinicians in areas of declining malaria transmission adhere to malaria diagnosis guidelines? A cross-sectional study from Kampala, Uganda. Malar J. 2021;20(1):187.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4289_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04421-1","volume":"21","author":"BB Agaba","year":"2022","unstructured":"Agaba BB, Rugera SP, Mpirirwe R, Atekat M, Okubal S, Masereka K, et al. Asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in Northern Uganda. Malar J. 2022;21(1):392.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"4289_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2147\/CA.S370393","volume":"14","author":"SP Katongole","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katongole SP, Akweongo P, Anguyo R, Kasozi DE, Adomah-Afari A. Prevalence and classification of misdiagnosis among hospitalised patients in five General hospitals of Central Uganda. Clin Audit. 2022;14:65\u201377.","journal-title":"Clin Audit"},{"issue":"1","key":"4289_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-020-00548-5","volume":"16","author":"JR Aceng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aceng JR, Ario AR, Muruta AN, Makumbi I, Nanyunja M, Komakech I, et al. Uganda\u2019s experience in Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness, 2018\u20132019. Global Health. 2020;16(1):24.","journal-title":"Global Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"4289_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02395-4","volume":"29","author":"H Kyobe Bosa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kyobe Bosa H, Njenga MK, Wayengera M, Kirenga B, Muttamba W, Dawa J, et al. Leveraging the structures of the COVID-19 pandemic response for successful control of Ebola in Uganda. Nat Med. 2023;29(8):1892\u20133.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4289_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.2021.18","volume":"11","author":"YA Adebisi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adebisi YA, Rabe A, Lucero-Prisno DE III. Risk communication and community engagement strategies for COVID-19 in 13 African countries. Health Promot Perspect. 2021;11(2):137\u201347.","journal-title":"Health Promot Perspect"},{"key":"4289_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geiger D, Harborth L, Mugyisha A. Managing enduring public health emergencies such as COVID-19: lessons from Uganda Red Cross Society\u2019s Ebola virus disease response operation. BMJ Lead. 2020;leader-2020-000243.","DOI":"10.1136\/leader-2020-000243"},{"issue":"4","key":"4289_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.200825.001","volume":"10","author":"E Buregyeya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buregyeya E, Atusingwize E, Nsamba P, Musoke D, Naigaga I, Kabasa JD, et al. Operationalizing the One Health Approach in Uganda: challenges and opportunities. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2020;10(4):250\u20137.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04289-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04289-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04289-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T07:05:35Z","timestamp":1729667135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04289-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04289-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations (such as the Declaration of Helsinki). We obtained Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval from Makerere University School of Public Health (SPH-2023\u2013463) and the protocol was registered with the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (HS3136ES). In addition, administrative clearance from Namisindwa district police station was obtained as a process of district entry for the planned activities. We translated the informed consent and data collection tools into the local language. This enabled smooth communication between the research team and all stakeholders. We worked with local leaders and obtained written informed consent and permission for all the participating teams from their organizations\/workplaces during all the project activities.We sought written informed consent from selected respondents before participating in the study. All participants were informed of their voluntary participation in the study and their freedom to withdraw-from the study at any time.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"484"}}