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The current research was carried out in three significant economic areas in Egypt: Greater Cairo, the Nile Delta, and Upper Egypt. It aimed to investigate the occurrence of <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic> spp. in locally bred water buffaloes <jats:italic>Bubalus bubalis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To achieve this objective, 317 buffalos were slaughtered in different slaughterhouses in various regions of Egypt. Samples of heart, skeletal muscle, esophagus, and tongue were assessed using macroscopic and microscopic tests. Examination methods included direct optical observation of tissues as well as digestion and examination of the sediment obtained from the tissues. Additionally, ultrastructural features were analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Molecular characterization was conducted through PCR, followed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 317 slaughtered buffaloes were examined for <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic> during the period from September 2021 to October 2023. The prevalence of infection was recorded with 229 out of 317 (72.2%) infected with <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic> spp. The results also showed that the prevalence of <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic> species in females was higher than males. Based on the age of carcasses, adults (&gt;\u20092 years) had a higher infection rate compared to young ones (&lt;\u20092 years). Regarding seasonal variation, the highest prevalence of infection was recorded during the summer followed by spring, and then autumn, while winter had the lowest prevalence of infection. Additionally, the skeletal muscle was the most susceptible organ to sarcocystosis (87.3%) followed by the esophageal muscle (8.3%), the tongue (4.4%), and no infection in the heart muscle. The use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy allowed the identification of <jats:italic>S. fusiformis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. cruzi<\/jats:italic> in buffaloes in Egypt. Furthermore, the <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic> 18\u00a0S rRNA genes from skeletal tissue samples were cloned and sequenced under accession numbers OQ507387, OQ507388, and OQ507389 for <jats:italic>S. fusiforms<\/jats:italic>, and one OQ507391 for <jats:italic>S. cruzi.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The findings revealed a notably high prevalence of <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic> infection (72.2%) in buffaloes from Egypt, with skeletal muscle identified as the organ most susceptible to the parasite. Two <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic> species were detected: <jats:italic>S. fusiformis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. cruzi.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04408-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T06:59:50Z","timestamp":1734937190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Infection survey, molecular, pathogenicity, and morphological characteristics of Sarcocystis species naturally infected water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lamiaa K.","family":"Elsharkawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safaa M.","family":"Barghash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basma M. 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