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The disease affects many animal species, including those considered significant reservoirs, such as cattle, sheep and goats. Transmission of the pathogen to other domestic animals, including companion animals, and then to humans has also been observed, highlighting the importance of understanding the epidemiology and prevalence of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> among companion animals. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of seroreagents for <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> within pet dogs, cats and rabbits from urban Poland areas and identify possible risk factors for these animals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 In total, serum samples from 491 dogs, 427 cats and 93 rabbits were used in the study. The seroprevalence of anti-<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> antibodies in dogs and cats reached 0.61% (3\/491; 95% CI: 0.21\u20131.78) and 0.23% (1\/427; 95% CI: 0.04\u20131.31), respectively. No significant differences in seroprevalence across species and different subpopulations (age group, gender, exhibited symptoms, or sampling location) were found. All 93 samples from rabbits were negative for anti-<jats:italic>C.burnetii<\/jats:italic> antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\u2022 The seroprevalence rates of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> in dogs and cats were low; however, our results confirm that pet dogs and cats in Poland can be exposed to <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> and may exhibit serological reactions. It has been reported that people who come into contact with secretions and excretions from the reproductive systems of dogs and cats (such as breeders, veterinarians, and veterinary clinic staff) may be at risk of contracting <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>. Based on the findings, it is advised to be particularly cautious, especially when assisting with dogs and cats giving birth. Coxiellosis should be considered a potential cause of reproductive disorders in these animals. The results indicate that rabbits are probably less important in the circulation of the <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> in the present study. This is the first serological survey of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> in pet dogs, cats and rabbits in Poland.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04423-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]],"date-time":"2024-12-07T04:52:09Z","timestamp":1733547129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The first serological survey of C. 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Informed consent was obtained from the owners of the animals included in the study. The reported study complies with the ARRIVE guidelines () for reporting animal experiments. All methods were performed following the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent for publishing the results was obtained from the patient\u2019s owner.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"559"}}