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A total of 525 Nile tilapia fingerlings, averaging 30.00\u2009\u00b1\u20095.00\u00a0g in initial weight, were randomly divided into four groups (control and three experimental groups), each with three replicates of 25 fish. Ecobiol plus<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> was integrated in the diet at concentrations of 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4\u00a0g\/kg feed. Fish were fed at 3% of their biomass daily, with biweekly adjustments based on growth. The feeding trial lasted 8 weeks, followed by a 15-day challenge with <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic> to evaluate immune responses and survival outcomes. The group receiving 0.4\u00a0g\/kg of Ecobiol plus<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> exhibited the most significant improvements in growth performance, including higher weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion efficiency (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Blood and biochemical assessments indicated increased hemoglobin, total protein, and globulin levels, reflecting improved physiological and immunological conditions. Additionally, lysozyme activity and phagocytic response were markedly enhanced, demonstrating the probiotic\u2019s immune-boosting potential. Histopathological evaluations revealed reduced gut, gills, and hepatopancreas lesions, especially in groups with higher supplementation levels. Fish in Group T4, fed with 0.4\u00a0g\/kg Ecobiol plus<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, achieved the best growth performance, with a final weight of 77.96\u2009\u00b1\u20095.53\u00a0g, a weight gain of 42.46\u2009\u00b1\u20093.18\u00a0g, and a specific growth rate (SGR) of 1.51%\/day, compared to the control group (T1) with a final weight of 75.26\u2009\u00b1\u20093.87\u00a0g, weight gain of 35.76\u2009\u00b1\u20092.08\u00a0g, and SGR of 1.24%\/day. Survival rates considerably increased in the treated groups, with T4 exhibiting the highest rate of 96.00%, followed by T2 (94.68%), T3 (92.00%), and T1 (81.32%). Additionally, the LD50 of <jats:italic>A. hydrophila<\/jats:italic> was determined to be 3\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u2077 CFU\/mL, underscoring the protective effect of Ecobiol plus<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> in enhancing fish immunity and resilience against bacterial challenges. These results suggest that Ecobiol plus<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> can be a natural, antibiotic-free additive to strengthen growth and disease resistance in Nile tilapia. The optimal inclusion level of Ecobiol plus<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> is 0.4\u00a0g\/kg for maximum benefit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04480-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T07:13:54Z","timestamp":1738307634000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Ecobiol plus \u00ae feed additive on growth performance, physiological response, oxidative status and immunological status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Amira A.","family":"Omar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa H.","family":"Assar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Shukry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya Abo","family":"El-Ezz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foad A.","family":"Farrag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesam E.","family":"Abd El-Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman M.","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4480_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2024-0045","volume":"24","author":"EM Zidan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zidan EM, Goma AA, Tohamy HG, Shukry M, Naiel MA. 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The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) used in this study were obtained from a private fish farm in Tolompat 7, Kafrelsheikh Governorate, with full permission from the owner for their use in the experiment. All procedures involving the fish complied with ethical standards and were approved by the relevant institutional animal care and use committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors obtained permission from all participants before submitting their data to a journal. Permission was obtained from the owner of the fish farm for the use of the Nile tilapia in this experiment.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors have affirmed their participation in this study and consented to publishing their information in this scholarly article. Informed consent was obtained from all owners before they participated in the study, ensuring compliance with ethical research standards.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors confirm that no artificial intelligence tools were used to analyze or derive insights from the data during the research phase.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration of Generative AI in Scientific Writing"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"46"}}