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R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2022."}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04489-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04489-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04489-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T02:00:22Z","timestamp":1737684022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04489-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04489-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5039624\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources (SVAR) research ethics committee (REC)-SVAR IACUC\/ IRB-Ref SVAR_IACUC\/40\/2020, Makerere University and from Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (UNCST)-Ref A87ES. Approval for the study in each district was obtained from the respective District Veterinary Offices and written consent from livestock owners and butchers was obtained before enrolment into the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This research was funded by the Higher Education, Science and Technology (HEST) project, Busitema University, Uganda.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial support"}}],"article-number":"34"}}