{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:28:48Z","timestamp":1792614528631,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04494-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T01:24:36Z","timestamp":1737509076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In vitro evaluation of anthelmintic activity of biocompatibile carbon quantum dot nanocomposite against egg and larval stages of equine strongyles"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Armin","family":"Fakheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bijan","family":"Esmaeilnejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahim","family":"Molaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4494_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2018-0065","volume":"63","author":"B Esmaeilnejad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Esmaeilnejad B, Samiei A, Mirzaei Y, Farhang-Pajuh F. Assessment of oxidative\/nitrosative stress biomarkers and DNA damage in Haemonchus Contortus, following exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Acta Parasitol. 2018;63(3):563\u201371.","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"4494_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-153","volume":"6","author":"F Roeber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roeber F, Jex AR, Gasser RB. Impact of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes of sheep, and the role of advanced molecular tools for exploring epidemiology and drug resistance-an Australian perspective. Parasites Vectors. 2013;6:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"4494_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.10.011","volume":"185","author":"A Vidyashankar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vidyashankar A, Hanlon B, Kaplan R. Statistical and biological considerations in evaluating drug efficacy in equine strongyle parasites using fecal egg count data. Vet Parasitol. 2012;185(1):45\u201356.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"4494_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(99)00092-8","volume":"85","author":"S Love","year":"1999","unstructured":"Love S, Murphy D, Mellor D. Pathogenicity of cyathostome infection. Vet Parasitol. 1999;85(2\u20133):113\u201322.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4494_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2004026","volume":"35","author":"J Matthews","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matthews J, Hodgkinson J, Dowdall S, Proudman C. Recent developments in research into the Cyathostominae and Anoplocephala Perfoliata. Vet Res. 2004;35(4):371\u201381.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4494_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.11.030","volume":"204","author":"M Nielsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nielsen M, Reinemeyer C, Donecker J, Leathwick D, Marchiondo A, Kaplan R. Anthelmintic resistance in equine parasites\u2014current evidence and knowledge gaps. Vet Parasitol. 2014;204(1\u20132):55\u201363.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4494_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.01.016","volume":"201","author":"T Geurden","year":"2014","unstructured":"Geurden T, Hoste H, Jacquiet P, Traversa D, Sotiraki S, di Regalbono AF, Tzanidakis N, Kostopoulou D, Gaillac C, Privat S. Anthelmintic resistance and multidrug resistance in sheep gastro-intestinal nematodes in France, Greece and Italy. Vet Parasitol. 2014;201(1\u20132):59\u201366.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"18","key":"4494_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d731","volume":"168","author":"K Allison","year":"2011","unstructured":"Allison K, Taylor NM, Wilsmore A, Garforth C. Equine anthelmintics: survey of the patterns of use, beliefs and attitudes among horse owners in the UK. Vet Rec. 2011;168(18):483\u2013483.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"1","key":"4494_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.10.020","volume":"135","author":"M Nielsen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nielsen M, Monrad J, Olsen S. Prescription-only anthelmintics\u2014a questionnaire survey of strategies for surveillance and control of equine strongyles in Denmark. Vet Parasitol. 2006;135(1):47\u201355.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4494_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.01.004","volume":"201","author":"AS Peregrine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peregrine AS, Molento MB, Kaplan RM, Nielsen MK. Anthelmintic resistance in important parasites of horses: does it really matter? Vet Parasitol. 2014;201(1\u20132):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4494_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2018.02.030","volume":"196","author":"MA Jhonsi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jhonsi MA, Ananth DA, Nambirajan G, Sivasudha T, Yamini R, Bera S, Kathiravan A. Antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and DNA binding studies of carbon dots. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2018;196:295\u2013302.","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc"},{"key":"4494_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-015-1705-3","volume":"183","author":"P Zuo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zuo P, Lu X, Sun Z, Guo Y, He H. A review on syntheses, properties, characterization and bioanalytical applications of fluorescent carbon dots. Microchim Acta. 2016;183:519\u201342.","journal-title":"Microchim Acta"},{"key":"4494_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2014.12.045","volume":"85","author":"A Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao A, Chen Z, Zhao C, Gao N, Ren J, Qu X. Recent advances in bioapplications of C-dots. Carbon. 2015;85:309\u201327.","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"10","key":"4494_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2040(17)61045-4","volume":"45","author":"Y Song-Ling","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song-Ling Y, HUANG J-J, Lin L, Hui-Jun F, Yuan-Ming S, Yu-Dong S, Hong-Tao L, Zhen-Lin X. Preparation of carbon dots and their application in food analysis as signal probe. Chin J Anal Chem. 2017;45(10):1571\u201381.","journal-title":"Chin J Anal Chem"},{"key":"4494_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2018.06.029","volume":"706","author":"J Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang J, An X, Li X, Liao X, Nie Y, Fan Z. Enhanced antibacterial properties of the bracket under natural light via decoration with ZnO\/carbon quantum dots composite coating. Chem Phys Lett. 2018;706:702\u20137.","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lett"},{"issue":"14","key":"4494_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.2015283","volume":"63","author":"M Moradi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moradi M, Molaei R, Kousheh SA, Guimar\u00e3es T, McClements J. Carbon dots synthesized from microorganisms and food by-products: active and smart food packaging applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(14):1943\u201359.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"14","key":"4494_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5056","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.3c00075","volume":"39","author":"X Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi X, Wang X, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Meng X, Liu H, Qian Y, Lin Y, Yu Y, Lin W. Hydrophobic carbon dots derived from organic pollutants and applications in NIR anticounterfeiting and bioimaging. Langmuir. 2023;39(14):5056\u201364.","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"10","key":"4494_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.4351","volume":"37","author":"L Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang L, Yang X, Yin Z, Sun L. A review on carbon quantum dots: synthesis, photoluminescence mechanisms and applications. Luminescence. 2022;37(10):1612\u201338.","journal-title":"Luminescence"},{"key":"4494_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.01.041","volume":"98","author":"M Shahshahanipour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shahshahanipour M, Rezaei B, Ensafi AA, Etemadifar Z. An ancient plant for the synthesis of a novel carbon dot and its applications as an antibacterial agent and probe for sensing of an anti-cancer drug. Mater Sci Engineering: C. 2019;98:826\u201333.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Engineering: C"},{"issue":"32","key":"4494_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26936","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b08832","volume":"10","author":"H Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li H, Huang J, Song Y, Zhang M, Wang H, Lu F, Huang H, Liu Y, Dai X, Gu Z. Degradable carbon dots with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;10(32):26936\u201346.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"2","key":"4494_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.39863","volume":"10","author":"X Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong X, Liang W, Meziani MJ, Sun Y-P, Yang L. Carbon dots as potent antimicrobial agents. Theranostics. 2020;10(2):671.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"4494_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2018.01.006","volume":"163","author":"E Priyadarshini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Priyadarshini E, Rawat K, Prasad T, Bohidar H. Antifungal efficacy of Au@ carbon dots nanoconjugates against opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. Colloids Surf B. 2018;163:355\u201361.","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B"},{"key":"4494_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2018.05.005","volume":"1033","author":"Z Bagheri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bagheri Z, Ehtesabi H, Hallaji Z, Aminoroaya N, Tavana H, Behroodi E, Rahimifard M, Abdollahi M, Latifi H. On-chip analysis of carbon dots effect on yeast replicative lifespan. Anal Chim Acta. 2018;1033:119\u201327.","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"4494_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2020.107395","volume":"174","author":"CM Ferraz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferraz CM, Silva LPC, de Freitas Soares FE, Souza RLO, Tobias FL, de Ara\u00fajo JV, Veloso FBR, Laviola FP, Endringer DC, de Gives PM. Effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNP\u2019s) from Duddingtonia flagrans on cyathostomins larvae (subfamily: cyathostominae). J Invertebr Pathol. 2020;174:107395.","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4494_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.8b00213","volume":"1","author":"VB Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar VB, Dolitzky A, Michaeli S, Gedanken A. Antiparasitic ointment based on a biocompatibile carbon dot nanocomposite. ACS Appl Nano Mater. 2018;1(4):1784\u201391.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Nano Mater"},{"issue":"34","key":"4494_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9982","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.8b01230","volume":"34","author":"P-p Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu P-p, Cheng Z, Du L-l, Chen Q, Tan K-j. Synthesis of the Cu-doped dual-emission fluorescent carbon dots and its analytical application. Langmuir. 2018;34(34):9982\u20139.","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"4494_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samiei A, Tavassoli M, Esmaeilnejad B. Green synthesis and anthelmintic activity of silver nanoparticles using Morus Alba Fruit extract against different stages of equine strongyles. Vet Res Commun 2024:1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-024-10365-5"},{"key":"4494_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X20000310","volume":"94","author":"V Buza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buza V, C\u0103tan\u0103 L, Andrei S, \u0218tef\u0103nu\u021b L, R\u0103ileanu \u0218, Matei M, Vlasiuc I, Cernea M. In vitro anthelmintic activity assessment of six medicinal plant aqueous extracts against donkey strongyles. J Helminthol. 2020;94:e147.","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4494_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12111283","volume":"12","author":"M Lejeune","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lejeune M, Mann S, White H, Maguire D, Hazard J, Young R, Stone C, Antczak D, Bowman D. Evaluation of Fecal Egg count tests for Effective Control of Equine Intestinal Strongyles. Pathogens. 2023;12(11):1283.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"4494_CR30","unstructured":"Thienpont D, Rochette F, Vanparijs OFJ. Diagnosing helminthiasis by coprological examination. 1986."},{"issue":"4","key":"4494_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.05.003","volume":"163","author":"FR Braga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Braga FR, Araujo JV, Silva AR, Araujo JM, Carvalho RO, Tavela AO, Campos AK, Carvalho GR. Biological control of horse cyathostomin (Nematoda: Cyathostominae) using the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in tropical southeastern Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 2009;163(4):335\u201340.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4494_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03526-8","volume":"18","author":"MM Amer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amer MM, Desouky A, Helmy NM, Abdou AM, Sorour SS. Identifying 3rd larval stages of common strongylid and non-strongylid nematodes (class: Nematoda) infecting Egyptian equines based on morphometric analysis. BMC Vet Res. 2022;18(1):432.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4494_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-019-01148-w","volume":"43","author":"TR Ghimire","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghimire TR, Bhattarai N. A survey of gastrointestinal parasites of goats in a goat market in Kathmandu, Nepal. J Parasitic Dis. 2019;43(4):686\u201395.","journal-title":"J Parasitic Dis"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4494_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(92)90141-U","volume":"44","author":"G Coles","year":"1992","unstructured":"Coles G, Bauer C, Borgsteede F, Geerts S, Klei T, Taylor M, Waller P. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Vet Parasitol. 1992;44(1\u20132):35\u201344.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4494_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1133-1","volume":"13","author":"A Zak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zak A, Siwinska N, Slowikowska M, Borowicz H, Kubiak K, Hildebrand J, Popiolek M, Niedzwiedz A. Searching for ivermectin resistance in a Strongylidae population of horses stabled in Poland. BMC Vet Res. 2017;13:1\u20135.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"4494_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.07.036","volume":"228","author":"L Peachey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peachey L, Pinchbeck G, Matthews J, Burden F, Behnke J, Hodgkinson J. Papaya latex supernatant has a potent effect on the free-living stages of equid cyathostomins in vitro. Vet Parasitol. 2016;228:23\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4494_CR37","first-page":"7375693","volume":"2018","author":"X De Jes\u00fas-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Jes\u00fas-Mart\u00ednez X, Olmedo-Ju\u00e1rez A, Olivares-P\u00e9rez J, Zamilpa A, Mendoza de Gives P, L\u00f3pez-Arellano M, Rojas-Hern\u00e1ndez S, Villa-Mancera A, Camacho-D\u00edaz L, Cipriano-Salazar M. In vitro anthelmintic activity of methanolic extract from Caesalpinia coriaria J. Willd fruits against Haemonchus Contortus eggs and infective larvae. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018(1):7375693.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4494_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1993.1064","volume":"77","author":"TG Geary","year":"1993","unstructured":"Geary TG, SIMs SM, THoMAs EM, Vanover L, Davis J, Winterrowd C, Klein R, Ho N, Thompson D. Haemonchus contortus: ivermectin-induced paralysis of the pharynx. Exp Parasitol. 1993;77(1):88\u201396.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4494_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.10.014","volume":"185","author":"JB Matthews","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matthews JB, McArthur C, Robinson A, Jackson F. The in vitro diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomins. Vet Parasitol. 2012;185(1):25\u201331.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4494_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2016.08.106","volume":"390","author":"S Thambiraj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thambiraj S, Shankaran R. Green synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots from sugarcane bagasse pulp. Appl Surf Sci. 2016;390:435\u201343.","journal-title":"Appl Surf Sci"},{"key":"4494_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2017.06.014","volume":"139","author":"M Neeraja","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neeraja M, Lakshmi V, Padmasri C, Padmaja K. Utility of Acridine Orange staining for detection of bacteria from positive blood cultures. J Microbiol Methods. 2017;139:215\u20137.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"4494_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diekmann I, Blazejak K, Kr\u00fccken J, Strube C, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. Comparison of morphological and molecular Strongylus spp. identification in equine larval cultures and first report of a patent Strongylus asini infection in a horse. Equine Vet J 2024.","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14134"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4494_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00032739","volume":"28","author":"L Staniland","year":"1954","unstructured":"Staniland L. A modification of the Baermann funnel technique for the collection of nematodes from plant material. J Helminthol. 1954;28(1\u20132):115\u20138.","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"4494_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbosa ACMS, Silva LPC, Ferraz CM, Tobias FL, de Ara\u00fajo JV, Loureiro B, Braga GMAM, Veloso FBR, Soares FEF, Fronza M. Nematicidal activity of silver nanoparticles from the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. Int J Nanomed 2019:2341\u20138.","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S193679"},{"key":"4494_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3113-5","volume":"112","author":"A Al-Rofaai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al-Rofaai A, Rahman W, Abdulghani M. Sensitivity of two in vitro assays for evaluating plant activity against the infective stage of Haemonchus contortus strains. Parasitol Res. 2013;112:893\u20138.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4494_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050464","volume":"84","author":"E Hada\u015b","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hada\u015b E, Stankiewicz M. Superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant status of larvae and adults of Trichostrongylus Colubriformis, Haemonchus Contortus and Ostertagia Circumcincta. Parasitol Res. 1998;84:646\u201350.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"4494_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.7.2407","volume":"141","author":"AH Ding","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ding AH, Nathan CF, Stuehr D. Release of reactive nitrogen intermediates and reactive oxygen intermediates from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Comparison of activating cytokines and evidence for independent production. J Immunol (Baltimore Md: 1950). 1988;141(7):2407\u201312.","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md: 1950)"},{"key":"4494_CR48","unstructured":"Levine N. Veterinary Protozoology, Iowa State \u00dcniv. Press Ames Iowa 1985."},{"key":"4494_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buege JA, Aust SD. [30] microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods in enzymology. Volume 52. edn.: Elsevier; 1978. pp. 302\u201310.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52032-6"},{"key":"4494_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111945","volume":"142","author":"F Radmanesh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Radmanesh F, Razi M, Shalizar-Jalali A. Curcumin nano-micelle induced testicular toxicity in healthy rats; evidence for oxidative stress and failed homeostatic response by heat shock proteins 70-2a and 90. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;142:111945.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"4494_CR51","unstructured":"Nuthong P. Utilization of confocal laser scanning microscopy to locate lipid droplets in sweet-dried chicken. Scope J. 2012."},{"key":"4494_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.278","volume":"154","author":"AJ Sousa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sousa AJ, Souza PF, Gifoni JM, Dias LP, Freitas CD, Oliveira JT, Sousa DO, Vasconcelos IM. Scanning electron microscopy reveals deleterious effects of Moringa oleifera seed exuded proteins on root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita eggs. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;154:1237\u201344.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4494_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2020.11.017","volume":"173","author":"KJ Mintz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mintz KJ, Bartoli M, Rovere M, Zhou Y, Hettiarachchi SD, Paudyal S, Chen J, Domena JB, Liyanage PY, Sampson R. A deep investigation into the structure of carbon dots. Carbon. 2021;173:433\u201347.","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"4494_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2023.114978","volume":"184","author":"ME Koutamehr","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koutamehr ME, Moradi M, Tajik H, Molaei R, Heshmati MK, Alizadeh A. Sour whey-derived carbon dots; synthesis, characterization, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial performance on foodborne pathogens. LWT. 2023;184:114978.","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"4494_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2023.103220","volume":"56","author":"E Divsalar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Divsalar E, Tajik H, Moradi M, Molaei R. Carbon dot-based antimicrobial photosensitizer: synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial performance against food borne pathogens. Food Bioscience. 2023;56:103220.","journal-title":"Food Bioscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"4494_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.107525","volume":"10","author":"M Ghorbani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghorbani M, Tajik H, Moradi M, Molaei R, Alizadeh A. One-pot microbial approach to synthesize carbon dots from baker\u2019s yeast-derived compounds for the preparation of antimicrobial membrane. J Environ Chem Eng. 2022;10(3):107525.","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"issue":"54","key":"4494_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33929","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA05383E","volume":"7","author":"J Du","year":"2017","unstructured":"Du J, Zhao Y, Chen J, Zhang P, Gao L, Wang M, Cao C, Wen W, Zhu C. Difunctional Cu-doped carbon dots: catalytic activity and fluorescence indication for the reduction reaction of p-nitrophenol. RSC Adv. 2017;7(54):33929\u201336.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"issue":"76","key":"4494_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40580","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA04619F","volume":"4","author":"PK Raul","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raul PK, Senapati S, Sahoo AK, Umlong IM, Devi RR, Thakur AJ, Veer V. CuO nanorods: a potential and efficient adsorbent in water purification. RSC Adv. 2014;4(76):40580\u20137.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"4494_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2017.09.005","volume":"1150","author":"KR Reddy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reddy KR. Green synthesis, morphological and optical studies of CuO nanoparticles. J Mol Struct. 2017;1150:553\u20137.","journal-title":"J Mol Struct"},{"issue":"1","key":"4494_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06746-y","volume":"12","author":"B Pakbin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pakbin B, Zolghadr L, Rafiei S, Br\u00fcck WM, Br\u00fcck TB. FTIR differentiation based on genomic DNA for species identification of Shigella isolates from stool samples. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):2780.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"4494_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8143","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16108143","volume":"16","author":"JS Sohn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sohn JS, Kwon YW, Jin JI, Jo BW. DNA-templated preparation of gold nanoparticles. Molecules. 2011;16(10):8143\u201351.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"4494_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-014-9911-z","volume":"17","author":"T Rolim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rolim T, Cancino J, Zucolotto V. A nanostructured genosensor for the early diagnosis of systemic arterial hypertension. Biomed Microdevices. 2015;17:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Biomed Microdevices"},{"key":"4494_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2012.03.003","volume":"80","author":"L Ellegaard-Jensen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ellegaard-Jensen L, Jensen KA, Johansen A. Nano-silver induces dose-response effects on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2012;80:216\u201323.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"4494_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.02.005","volume":"198","author":"A Rehman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rehman A, Ullah R, Uddin I, Zia I, Rehman L, Abidi S. In vitro anthelmintic effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on liver amphistome, Gigantocotyle Explanatum. Exp Parasitol. 2019;198:95\u2013104.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"4494_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong Z, Qi J, Yue L, Zhou H, Chen L, Gu J, He Y, Wu H. Biomass-based carbon quantum dots and their agricultural applications. Plant Stress 2024;11:100411.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stress.2024.100411"},{"key":"4494_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physe.2020.114417","volume":"126","author":"R Atchudan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Atchudan R, Edison TNJI, Shanmugam M, Perumal S, Somanathan T, Lee YR. Sustainable synthesis of carbon quantum dots from banana peel waste using hydrothermal process for in vivo bioimaging. Physica E. 2021;126:114417.","journal-title":"Physica E"},{"key":"4494_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2021.02.017","volume":"139","author":"A Tauseef","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tauseef A, Gupta J, Rehman A, Uddin I. Differential response of cowpea towards the CuO nanoparticles under Meloidogyne incognita stress. South Afr J Bot. 2021;139:175\u201382.","journal-title":"South Afr J Bot"},{"issue":"12","key":"4494_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0167613","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167613","volume":"11","author":"MJ Mashock","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mashock MJ, Zanon T, Kappell AD, Petrella LN, Andersen EC, Hristova KR. Copper oxide nanoparticles impact several toxicological endpoints and cause neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(12):e0167613.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4494_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X19001068","volume":"94","author":"Z Baghbani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baghbani Z, Esmaeilnejad B, Asri-Rezaei S. Assessment of oxidative\/nitrosative stress biomarkers and DNA damage in Teladorsagia circumcincta following exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles. J Helminthol. 2020;94:e115.","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4494_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230290166724","volume":"30","author":"R Kohen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kohen R, Nyska A. Invited review: oxidation of biological systems: oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their quantification. Toxicol Pathol. 2002;30(6):620\u201350.","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04494-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04494-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04494-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T01:24:44Z","timestamp":1737509084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04494-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04494-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All of the protocols were approved by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine\u2019s Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments at Urmia University (IR-UU-AEC-3\/73). Every procedure was carried out in accordance with the relevant laws and standards. The study was conducted in compliance with the ARRIVE standards. The owner(s) of the animals gave their informed consent for us to use them in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"32"}}