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Results of this study showed that the highest incidence of hypothyroidism was reported in Golden retriever (21.42%) followed by Griffon dogs (17.85%). Additionally, hypothyroidism was mostly reported in middle-aged dogs (60.71%) of different breeds. Males (57.14%) revealed higher incidence than females. The hypothyroid dogs showed a wide range of clinical signs including dermatological, metabolic, psychological alterations in addition to cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular, gastrointestinal and gynecological abnormalities. Radiography revealed pulmonary edema in dogs affected with heart problems (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), dilated esophagus in hypothyroid dogs showing vomiting (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092). Echocardiographic examination of hypothyroid dogs with heart problems revealed first grade diastolic dysfunction. Treatment with levothyroxine induced clinical improvement within one month of administration.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Hypothyroidism is a relatively common condition in dogs compared to other diseases causing dermatological changes or obesity in dogs. Therefore, it must be considered for early diagnosis and treatment before encountering complications that could be life threatening for dogs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04746-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T04:37:20Z","timestamp":1746765440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Incidence, complications and therapeutic evaluation of clinical hypothyroidism in different breeds of dogs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Gehad E.","family":"Elgalfy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud A. 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