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Written informed consent was obtained from all dog owners, who were fully informed about the study\u2019s objectives and procedures. All procedures adhered to institutional guidelines, the ARRIVE guidelines (), and the ethical principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its amendments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable, as this study does not involve human participants or individual data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"428"}}