{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T04:56:31Z","timestamp":1794200191525,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04911-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T04:40:32Z","timestamp":1752640832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Amantadine as a therapeutic option for neuropathic pain in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9753-5452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Caterino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5424-6335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Della Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8764-0101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Aragosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0527-9829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Cavalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Lamagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2578-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Fatone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"4911_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1617374","volume":"21","author":"N Suwankong","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suwankong N, Meij B, Voorhout G, De Boer A, Hazewinkel H. Review and retrospective analysis of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in 156 dogs treated by dorsal laminectomy. Veterinary Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2008;21(03):285\u201393.","journal-title":"Veterinary Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4911_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(00)50005-9","volume":"30","author":"L De Risio","year":"2000","unstructured":"De Risio L, Thomas WB, Sharp NJH. Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. Veterinary Clin North America: Small Anim Pract. 2000;30(1):111\u201332.","journal-title":"Veterinary Clin North America: Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"4911_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(88)50062-1","volume":"18","author":"RJ Indrieri","year":"1988","unstructured":"Indrieri RJ. Lumbosacral stenosis and injury of the cauda equina. Veterinary Clin North America: Small Anim Pract. 1988;18(3):697\u2013710.","journal-title":"Veterinary Clin North America: Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"4911_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1980.177.02.154","volume":"177","author":"G Tarvin","year":"1980","unstructured":"Tarvin G, Prata RG. Lumbosacral stenosis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1980;177(2):154\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"4911_CR5","unstructured":"Palmer RH, Chambers JN. Canine lumbosacral diseases. Part I. Anatomy, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation. 1991."},{"issue":"5","key":"4911_CR6","first-page":"983","volume":"40","author":"BP Meij","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meij BP, Bergknut N. Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs. Veterinary Clinics: Small Anim Pract. 2010;40(5):983\u20131009.","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics: Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"4911_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.624","volume":"219","author":"L De Risio","year":"2001","unstructured":"De Risio L, Sharp NJH, Olby NJ, Mu\u00f1ana KR, Thomas WB. Predictors of outcome after dorsal decompressive laminectomy for degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs: 69 cases (1987\u20131997). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001;219(5):624\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"4911_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.245.4.408","volume":"245","author":"S De Decker","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Decker S, Wawrzenski LA, Volk HA. Clinical signs and outcome of dogs treated medically for degenerative lumbosacral stenosis: 98 cases (2004\u20132012). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014;245(4):408\u201313.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"4911_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kruger L, Light AR. Translational pain research: from mouse to man. CRC; 2009.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439812105"},{"issue":"10","key":"4911_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.219","volume":"54","author":"S Mahnig","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahnig S, Landmann G, Stockinger L, Opsommer E. Pain assessment according to the international spinal cord injury pain classification in patients with spinal cord injury referred to a multidisciplinary pain center. Spinal Cord. 2016;54(10):809\u201315.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"4911_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534685","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1534685","volume":"12","author":"TR Pedersen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pedersen TR, Berendt M, Rusbridge C. Neuroanatomy of spinal nociception and pain in dogs and cats: a practical review for the veterinary clinician. Front Vet Sci. 2025;12:1534685.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4911_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.04.018","volume":"201","author":"ND Jeffery","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeffery ND, Barker A, Harcourt-Brown T. What progress has been made in the understanding and treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs during the past 30 years? Vet J. 2014;201(1):9\u201314.","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"4911_CR13","unstructured":"Chambers JN. Optimal treatment for degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. Surgical exploration and excision of tissue; 1989."},{"key":"4911_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Worth A, Meij B, Jeffery N. Canine degenerative lumbosacral stenosis: prevalence, impact and management strategies. Veterinary Medicine: Res Rep. 2019; 10:169\u201383.","DOI":"10.2147\/VMRR.S180448"},{"issue":"06","key":"4911_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-08-07-0055","volume":"22","author":"L Janssens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Janssens L, Beosier Y, Daems R. Lumbosacral degenerative stenosis in the dog. Veterinary Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2009;22(06):486\u201391.","journal-title":"Veterinary Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4911_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.3.258","volume":"68","author":"SPL Luna","year":"2007","unstructured":"Luna SPL, Bas\u00edlio AC, Steagall PVM, Machado LP, Moutinho FQ, Takahira RK, et al. Evaluation of adverse effects of long-term oral administration of carprofen, etodolac, flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and meloxicam in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2007;68(3):258\u201364.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4911_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.1999.0091","volume":"28","author":"F Danielsson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Danielsson F, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m L. Surgical treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs. Vet Surg. 1999;28(2):91\u20138.","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"4911_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00324.x","volume":"36","author":"T Goedde","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goedde T, Steffen F. Surgical treatment of lumbosacral foraminal stenosis using a lateral approach in twenty dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. Vet Surg. 2007;36(7):705\u201313.","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4911_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12117.x","volume":"43","author":"L Golini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Golini L, Kircher PR, Lewis FI, Steffen F. Transarticular fixation with cortical screws combined with dorsal laminectomy and partial discectomy as surgical treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in 17 dogs: clinical and computed tomography follow-up. Vet Surg. 2014;43(4):405\u201313.","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"4911_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104741","volume":"183","author":"S Andrade Gomes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andrade Gomes S, Lowrie M, Targett M. Long-term outcome following lateral foraminotomy as treatment for canine degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. Vet Rec. 2018;183(11):352.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"5","key":"4911_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.01002.x","volume":"41","author":"EJ Hankin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hankin EJ, Jerram RM, Walker AM, King MD, Warman CGA. Transarticular facet screw stabilization and dorsal laminectomy in 26 dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis with instability. Vet Surg. 2012;41(5):611\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4911_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1723697","volume":"34","author":"HM Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma HM, Zafonte RD. Amantadine and memantine: a comprehensive review for acquired brain injury. Brain Inj. 2020;34(3):299\u2013315.","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"1","key":"4911_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.0014.x","volume":"22","author":"BDX Lascelles","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lascelles BDX, Gaynor JS, Smith ES, Roe SC, Marcellin-Little DJ, Davidson G, et al. Amantadine in a multimodal analgesic regimen for alleviation of refractory osteoarthritis pain in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2008;22(1):53\u20139.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4911_CR24","first-page":"1109","volume":"43","author":"B KuKanich","year":"2013","unstructured":"KuKanich B. Outpatient oral analgesics in dogs and cats beyond nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: an evidence-based approach. Veterinary Clinics: Small Anim Pract. 2013;43(5):1109\u201325.","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics: Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"4911_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12190","volume":"38","author":"C Norkus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Norkus C, Rankin D, Warner M, KuKanich B. Pharmacokinetics of oral amantadine in greyhound dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2015;38(3):305\u20138.","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"4911_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.06.002","volume":"38","author":"LA Lamont","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lamont LA. Adjunctive analgesic therapy in veterinary medicine. Veterinary Clin North America: Small Anim Pract. 2008;38(6):1187\u2013203.","journal-title":"Veterinary Clin North America: Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"4911_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12141","volume":"41","author":"M Madden","year":"2014","unstructured":"Madden M, Gurney M, Bright S. Amantadine, an N-Methyl-D-Aspartate antagonist, for treatment of chronic neuropathic pain in a dog. Veterinary Anaesth Analg. 2014;41(4):440\u20131.","journal-title":"Veterinary Anaesth Analg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4911_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000547","volume":"34","author":"R Aiyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aiyer R, Mehta N, Gungor S, Gulati A. A systematic review of NMDA receptor antagonists for treatment of neuropathic pain in clinical practice. Clin J Pain. 2018;34(5):450\u201367.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"4911_CR29","unstructured":"Bonetti F. Tipi morfologici e costituzionali nelle razze canine. Zoognostica del Cane; Crepaldi: Bologna, Italy. 1995:63\u201376."},{"issue":"1","key":"4911_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2460\/AJVR.2002.63.86","volume":"63","author":"GS Seiler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Seiler GS, H\u00e4ni H, Busato AR, Lang J. Facet joint geometry and intervertebral disk degeneration in the L5-S1 region of the vertebral column in german shepherd dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2002;63(1):86\u201390.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4911_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1317-8","volume":"13","author":"F Comblain","year":"2017","unstructured":"Comblain F, Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my N, Lef\u00e8bvre M, Schwartz C, Lesponne I, Serisier S, et al. A randomized, double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of a diet supplemented with curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract in owner\u2019s dogs with osteoarthritis. BMC Vet Res. 2017;13(1):395.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4911_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0252279","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252279","volume":"16","author":"C Caterino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Caterino C, Aragosa F, Della Valle G, Costanza D, Lamagna F, Piscitelli A, et al. Clinical efficacy of curcuvet and boswellic acid combined with conventional nutraceutical product: an aid to canine osteoarthritis. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(5):e0252279.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4911_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Della Valle G, Caterino C, Aragosa F, Balestriere C, Piscitelli A, Di Palma C et al. Relationship between ground reaction forces and morpho- metric measures in two different canine phenotypes using regression analysis. Vet Sci. 2022;9(7).","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9070325"},{"issue":"5","key":"4911_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199603010-00017","volume":"21","author":"EW Fritsch","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fritsch EW, Heisel J, Rupp S. The failed back surgery syndrome: reasons, intraoperative findings, and long-term results: a report of 182 operative treatments. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996;21(5):626\u201333.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"4911_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199503150-00012","volume":"20","author":"RD Fraser","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fraser RD, Sandhu A, Gogan WJ. Magnetic resonance imaging findings 10 years after treatment for lumbar disc herniation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20(6):710\u20134.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"15","key":"4911_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199608010-00023","volume":"21","author":"A Nachemson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nachemson A, Zdeblick TA, O\u2019Brien JP. Lumbar disc disease with discogenic pain. What surgical treatment is most effective? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996;21(15):1835\u20138.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"4911_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2011.01278.x","volume":"34","author":"KT Siao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Siao KT, Pypendop BH, Stanley SD, Ilkiw JE. Pharmacokinetics of amantadine in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34(6):599\u2013604.","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"4911_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)27215-9","volume":"150","author":"WE Bleidner","year":"1965","unstructured":"Bleidner WE, Harmon JB, Hewes WE, Lynes TE, Hermann EC. Absorption, distribution and excretion of amantadine hydrochloride. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1965;150(3):484\u201390.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"4911_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.28.2.216","volume":"28","author":"FG Hayden","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hayden FG, Minocha A, Spyker DA, Hoffman HE. Comparative single-dose pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride in young and elderly adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985;28(2):216\u201321.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"4911_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1976.tb00642.x","volume":"3","author":"GM Pacifici","year":"1976","unstructured":"Pacifici GM, Nardini M, Ferrari P, Latini R, Fieschi C, Morselli PL. Effect of amantadine on drug-induced parkisonism: relationship between plasma levels and effect. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1976;3(5):883\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4911_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1999.60.07.814","volume":"60","author":"WC Renberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Renberg WC, Johnston SA, Ye K, Budsberg SC. Comparison of stance time and velocity as control variables in force plate analysis of dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1999;60(7):814\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4911_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1995.tb01348.x","volume":"24","author":"PF Rumph","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rumph PF, Kincaid SA, Visco DM, Baird DK, Kammermann JR, West MS. Redistribution of vertical ground reaction force in dogs with experimentally induced chronic hindlimb lameness. Vet Surg. 1995;24(5):384\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"4911_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.11.1206","volume":"58","author":"PF Rumph","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rumph PF, Steiss JE, Montgomery RD. Effects of selection and habituation on vertical ground reaction force in greyhounds. Am J Vet Res. 1997;58(11):1206\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4911_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1993.54.04.612","volume":"54","author":"DJ Jevens","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jevens DJ, Hauptman JG, DeCamp CE, Budsberg SC, Soutas-Little RW. Contributions to variance in force-plate analysis of gait in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1993;54(4):612\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"4911_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1002\/anr.1780320913","volume":"32","author":"BL O\u2019Connor","year":"1989","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor BL, Visco DM, Heck DA, Myers SL, Brandt KD. Gait alterations in dogs after transection of the anterior cruciate ligament. Arthritis Rheum. 1989;32(9):1142\u20137.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"01","key":"4911_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1632610","volume":"11","author":"S Budsberg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Budsberg S, Rytz U, Johnston S. Effects of acceleration on ground reaction forces collected in healthy dogs at a trot. Veterinary Comp Orthop Traumatol. 1998;11(01):15\u20139.","journal-title":"Veterinary Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4911_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.12.1666","volume":"55","author":"RM McLaughlin Jr","year":"1994","unstructured":"McLaughlin RM Jr., Roush JK. Effects of subject stance time and velocity on ground reaction forces in clinically normal greyhounds at the trot. Am J Vet Res. 1994;55(12):1666\u201371.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4911_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1995.56.02.159","volume":"56","author":"R McLaughlin Jr","year":"1995","unstructured":"McLaughlin R Jr., Roush JK. Effects of increasing velocity on braking and propulsion times during force plate gait analysis in greyhounds. Am J Vet Res. 1995;56(2):159\u201361.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"4911_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.04.0176","volume":"260","author":"H Tanoue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tanoue H, Shimada M, Ichinohe T, Kanno N, Suzuki S, Harada Y, et al. Postoperative outcomes of combined surgery comprising dorsal laminectomy, transarticular screws, pedicle screws and polymethylmethacrylate for dorsal fixation in 21 dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2022;260(14):1813\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"4911_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2009.64719","volume":"57","author":"AJ Worth","year":"2009","unstructured":"Worth AJ, Thompson DJ, Hartman AC. Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in working dogs: current concepts and review. N Z Vet J. 2009;57(6):319\u201330.","journal-title":"N Z Vet J"},{"issue":"5","key":"4911_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2004.04083.x","volume":"45","author":"F Rossi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rossi F, Seiler G, Busato A, Wacker C, Lang J. Magnetic resonance imaging of articular process joint geometry and intervertebral disk degeneration in the caudal lumbar spine (L5-S1) of dogs with clinical signs of cauda equina compression. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2004;45(5):381\u20137.","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"issue":"7","key":"4911_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00324.x","volume":"36","author":"T G\u00f6dde","year":"2007","unstructured":"G\u00f6dde T, Steffen F. Surgical treatment of lumbosacral foraminal stenosis using a lateral approach in twenty dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. Vet Surg. 2007;36(7):705\u201313.","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"4911_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.12.1924","volume":"229","author":"N Suwankong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Suwankong N, Voorhout G, Hazewinkel HA, Meij BP. Agreement between computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and surgical findings in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006;229(12):1924\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"4911_CR54","unstructured":"Della Rocca G, Colpo R, Reid J, Di Salvo A, Scott M. Creation and validation of the Italian version of the Glasgow composite measure pain scale-short form (ICMPS-SF). Vet Ital. 2018;54(3):251\u201360."},{"issue":"1","key":"4911_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2008.00513.x","volume":"10","author":"DC Brown","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brown DC, Boston R, Coyne JC, Farrar JT. A novel approach to the use of animals in studies of pain: validation of the canine brief pain inventory in canine bone cancer. Pain Med. 2009;10(1):133\u201342.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"4911_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.12.1467","volume":"74","author":"DC Brown","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brown DC, Bell M, Rhodes L. Power of treatment success definitions when the canine brief pain inventory is used to evaluate carprofen treatment for the control of pain and inflammation in dogs with osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res. 2013;74(12):1467\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4911_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.09.022","volume":"202","author":"EC Hans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hans EC, Zwarthoed B, Seliski J, Nemke B, Muir P. Variance associated with subject velocity and trial repetition during force platform gait analysis in a heterogeneous population of clinically normal dogs. Vet J. 2014;202(3):498\u2013502.","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"4911_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-131","volume":"9","author":"JM Vilar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vilar JM, Morales M, Santana A, Spinella G, Rubio M, Cuervo B, et al. Controlled, blinded force platform analysis of the effect of intraarticular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells associated to PRGF-Endoret in osteoarthritic dogs. BMC Vet Res. 2013;9:1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"4911_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00729.x","volume":"39","author":"K Voss","year":"2010","unstructured":"Voss K, Galeandro L, Wiestner T, Haessig M, Montavon PM. Relationships of body weight, body size, subject velocity, and vertical ground reaction forces in trotting dogs. Vet Surg. 2010;39(7):863\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Surg"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04911-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04911-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04911-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T13:51:20Z","timestamp":1757253080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04911-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04911-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d (prot. No. PG\/2023\/0059191 of 22\/05\/2023). Informed consent was obtained from the owners of the enrolled dogs.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"469"}}