{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T19:28:05Z","timestamp":1783366085009,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014809","name":"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SS05010070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SS05010070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014809","name":"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SS05010070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SS05010070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014809","name":"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SS05010070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SS05010070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014809","name":"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SS05010070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SS05010070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pathogenic blood-feeding nematodes, such as\n                      <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the invasive\n                      <jats:italic>Ashworthius sidemi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , infect a wide range of wild and domestic ruminants. While the spread of\n                      <jats:italic>A. sidemi<\/jats:italic>\n                      among European cervids has been studied, its presence in chamois (\n                      <jats:italic>Rupicapra rupicapra<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) remains poorly documented. Conversely,\n                      <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is known to infect chamois, but previous research has relied mainly on cross-sectional necropsy studies, offering only a limited view of infection dynamics. In this study, we used a longitudinal molecular approach to assess the seasonal occurrence and transmission patterns of\n                      <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>A. sidemi<\/jats:italic>\n                      in a chamois population from the northern Czech Republic. From January to December 2023, we collected faecal samples at monthly intervals from two localities. Multiplex real-time PCR was subsequently used for the detection and semi-quantification of DNA from both nematode species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA was detected in 43.3% of samples, with its presence recorded nearly year-round. Its prevalence and relative DNA quantity peaked in summer and remained high throughout autumn.\n                      <jats:italic>Ashworthius sidemi<\/jats:italic>\n                      was identified in chamois in the Czech Republic for the first time, possibly reflecting a recent spillover from red deer (\n                      <jats:italic>Cervus elaphus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). However, it was found in only 5% of samples, with its occurrence restricted to late winter and spring. The seasonal disappearance of\n                      <jats:italic>A. sidemi<\/jats:italic>\n                      coincided with the increase in\n                      <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      relative DNA quantity, which may indicate a possible negative interaction between these species occupying the same ecological niche.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our findings suggest a potentialy prolonged transmission window for\n                      <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which could lengthen further under future climate change scenarios. In contrast,\n                      <jats:italic>A. sidemi<\/jats:italic>\n                      appears to be an incidental parasite in chamois, and its long-term persistence in this atypical host without continued contact with cervids remains uncertain. These insights, which are rare for wild ruminants, contribute to a better understanding of parasite epidemiology and host-parasite interactions in free-living populations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04992-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T02:12:43Z","timestamp":1756692763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Seasonal dynamics and potential interactions of haematophagous abomasal nematodes in two chamois populations in the Czech Republic"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Magd\u00e1lek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vojt\u011bch","family":"Kasi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Ilgov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"\u0160korp\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Vadlejch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"4992_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wlb3.01025","author":"L Corlatti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corlatti L, Iacolina L, Safner T, Apollonio M, Buzan E, Ferretti F, et al. Past, present and future of chamois science. Wildl Biol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wlb3.01025.","journal-title":"Wildl Biol"},{"key":"4992_CR2","volume-title":"Rupicapra r. rupicapra","author":"L Briedermann","year":"1976","unstructured":"Briedermann L, Still V. Die Gemse des elbsandsteingebietes. Rupicapra r. rupicapra. Die Neue Brehm-B\u00fccherei. Wittenberg Lutherstadt: A. Ziemsen; 1976."},{"key":"4992_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.25225\/fozo.v61.i3.a8.2012","volume":"61","author":"N Mart\u00ednkov\u00e1","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednkov\u00e1 N, Zemanov\u00e1 B, Kranz A, Gim\u00e9nez MD, H\u00e1jkov\u00e1 P. Chamois introductions to central Europe and new Zealand. Folia Zool. 2012;61:239\u201345.","journal-title":"Folia Zool"},{"key":"4992_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esp053","volume":"100","author":"B Crestanello","year":"2009","unstructured":"Crestanello B, Pecchioli E, Vernesi C, Mona S, Mart\u00ednkov\u00e1 N, Janiga M, et al. The genetic impact of translocations and habitat fragmentation in chamois (Rupicapra) spp. J Hered. 2009;100:691\u2013708.","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"key":"4992_CR5","first-page":"117","volume":"31","author":"A Gunn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gunn A, Irvine R. Subclinical parasitism and ruminant foraging strategies - a review. Wildl Soc Bull. 2003;31:117\u201326.","journal-title":"Wildl Soc Bull"},{"key":"4992_CR6","first-page":"313","volume":"39","author":"E Zaffaroni","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zaffaroni E, Citterio C, Sala M, Lauzi S. Impact of abomasal nematodes on roe deer and chamois body condition in an alpine environment. Parassitologia. 1997;39:313\u20137.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"4992_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00240-5","volume":"90","author":"E Zaffaroni","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zaffaroni E, Manfredi MT, Citterio C, Sala M, Piccolo G, Lanfranchi P. Host specificity of abomasal nematodes in free ranging alpine ruminants. Vet Parasitol. 2000;90:221\u201330.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-24475-0","volume-title":"Handbook of the mammals of Europe - Terrestrial cetartiodactyla","author":"L Corlatti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corlatti L, Herrero J, Ferretti F, Anderwald P, Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1les R, Hammer SE, et al. Northern chamois Rupicapra Rupicapra (Linnaeus, 1758) and Southern chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica bonaparte, 1845. In: Hackl\u00e4nder K, Zachos FE, editors. Handbook of the mammals of Europe - Terrestrial cetartiodactyla. Heidelberg: Springer Nature; 2022. p.325\u2009\u2013\u200957."},{"key":"4992_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.02.022","volume":"93","author":"RB Besier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Besier RB, Kahn LP, Sargison ND, Van Wyk JA. The pathophysiology, ecology and epidemiology of Haemonchus contortus infection in small ruminants. Adv Parasitol. 2016;93:95\u2013143.","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X09990587","volume":"84","author":"MC Cerutti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cerutti MC, Citterio CV, Bazzocchi C, Epis S, D\u2019Amelio S, Ferrari N, et al. Genetic variability of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) in alpine ruminant host species. J Helminthol. 2010;84:276\u201383.","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"4992_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12091119","author":"G Vengu\u0161t","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vengu\u0161t G, Kuhar U, Jerina K, \u0160vara T, Gomba\u010d M, Bandelj P, et al. Passive disease surveillance of alpine chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) in Slovenia between 2000 and 2020. Animals. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12091119.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"4992_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3551.1","volume":"92","author":"CV Citterio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Citterio CV, Caslini C, Milani F, Sala M, Ferrari N, Lanfranchi P. Abomasal nematode community in an alpine chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) population before and after a die-off. J Parasitol. 2006;92:918\u201327.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2021.01.010","volume":"14","author":"P Nosal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nosal P, Kowal J, Wyrobisz-Papiewska A, Chovancov\u00e1 G. Ashworthius sidemi Schulz, 1933 (Trichostrongylidae: Haemonchinae) in mountain ecosystems \u2013 a potential risk for the Tatra chamois Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica (Blahout, 1971\/1972). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2021;14:117\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"key":"4992_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-024-01882-4","volume":"71","author":"S Rehbein","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rehbein S, Velling M, Visser M, Heurich M, Hamel D. Successful establishment of Ashworthius sidemi in red deer (Cervus elaphus) in germany, with a summary of worldwide A. sidemi records. Eur J Wildl Res. 2025;71: 2.","journal-title":"Eur J Wildl Res"},{"key":"4992_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13050378","volume":"13","author":"TL Brown","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brown TL, Morgan ER. Helminth prevalence in European deer with a focus on abomasal nematodes and the influence of livestock pasture contact: a meta-analysis. Pathogens. 2024;13: 378.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"4992_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2017-0103","volume":"62","author":"AW Demiaszkiewicz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Demiaszkiewicz AW, Merta D, Kobielski J, Filip KJ, Pyziel AM. Expansion of Ashworthius sidemi in red deer and roe deer from the lower Silesian wilderness and its impact on infection with other gastrointestinal nematodes. Acta Parasitol. 2017;62:853\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.15298\/rusjtheriol.19.1.09","volume":"19","author":"DN Kuznetsov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuznetsov DN, Romashova NB, Romashov BV. Gastrointestinal nematodes of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Russia. Russ J Theriol. 2020;19:85\u201393.","journal-title":"Russ J Theriol"},{"key":"4992_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-021-00452-x","volume":"67","author":"D Kuznetsov","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kuznetsov D. The first detection of abomasal nematode Ashworthius sidemi in fallow deer (Dama dama) in Russia. Acta Parasitol. 2022;67:560\u20133.","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR19","first-page":"377","volume":"20","author":"B Kotrl\u00e1","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kotrl\u00e1 B, Kotrl\u00fd A. The first finding of the nematode Ashworthius sidemi schulz,1933 in Sika Nippon from Czechoslovakia. Folia Parasitol. 1973;20:377\u201378.","journal-title":"Folia Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1544270","volume":"12","author":"L \u0160korp\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2025","unstructured":"\u0160korp\u00edkov\u00e1 L, Vadlejch J, Ilgov\u00e1 J, Plhal R, Drimaj J, Mikulka O, et al. Molecular uncovering of important helminth species in wild ruminants in the Czech Republic. Front Vet Sci. 2025;12: 1544270.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"4992_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00378733","volume":"78","author":"RR Hofmann","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hofmann RR. Evolutionary steps of ecophysiological adaptation and diversification of ruminants: a comparative view of their digestive system. Oecologia. 1989;78:443\u201357.","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"4992_CR22","first-page":"89","volume":"50","author":"M Homolka","year":"2001","unstructured":"Homolka M, Heroldov\u00e1 M. Native red deer and introduced chamois: foraging habits and competition in a subalpine meadow-spruce forest area. Folia Zool. 2001;50:89\u201398.","journal-title":"Folia Zool"},{"key":"4992_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018000185","volume":"145","author":"GF Albery","year":"2018","unstructured":"Albery GF, Kenyon F, Morris A, Morris S, Nussey DH, Pemberton JM. Seasonality of helminth infection in wild red deer varies between individuals and between parasite taxa. Parasitology. 2018;145:1410\u201320.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"4992_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2022.109660","volume":"303","author":"A Chambers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chambers A, Candy P, Green P, Sauermann C, Leathwick D. Seasonal output of gastrointestinal nematode eggs and lungworm larvae in farmed Wapiti and red deer of new Zealand. Vet Parasitol. 2022;303: 109660.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04882-4","volume":"14","author":"N Reslov\u00e1","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reslov\u00e1 N, \u0160korpikov\u00e1 L, Kyri\u00e1nov\u00e1 IA, Vadlejch J, H\u00f6glund J, Skuce P, et al. The identification and semi-quantitative assessment of Gastrointestinal nematodes in faecal samples using multiplex real-time PCR assays. Parasit Vectors. 2021;14:391.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4992_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.214","volume":"5","author":"HE Beck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beck HE, Zimmermann NE, McVicar TR, Vergopolan N, Berg A, Wood EF. Present and future K\u00f6ppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution. Sci Data. 2018;5: 180214.","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"4992_CR27","volume-title":"Meteorology today: an introduction to weather, climate, and the environment","author":"CD Ahrens","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahrens CD. Meteorology today: an introduction to weather, climate, and the environment. Belmont: Cengage Learning Canada Inc; 2015."},{"key":"4992_CR28","first-page":"123","volume":"45","author":"B Kotrl\u00e1","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kotrl\u00e1 B, Kotrl\u00fd A, Ko\u017edo\u0148 O. Studies on the specifity of the nematode Ashworthius sidemi schulz, 1933. Acta Vet Brno. 1976;45:123\u201326.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Brno"},{"key":"4992_CR29","first-page":"372","volume":"59","author":"G Karbowiak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karbowiak G, Demiaszkiewicz AW, Pyziel AM, Wita I, Moskwa B, Werszko J, et al. The parasitic fauna of the European Bison (Bison bonasus) (Linnaeus, 1758) and their impact on the conservation. Part 2 the structure and changes over time. Acta Parasitol. 2014;59:372\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-018-1327-4","volume":"15","author":"M Ko\u0142odziej-Soboci\u0144ska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ko\u0142odziej-Soboci\u0144ska M, Demiaszkiewicz AW, Pyziel AM, Kowalczyk R. Increased parasitic load in captive-released European bison (Bison bonasus) has important implications for reintroduction programs. EcoHealth. 2018;15:467\u201371.","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"4992_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-016-1306-z","volume":"19","author":"J Vadlejch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vadlejch J, Kyri\u00e1nov\u00e1 IA, Rylkov\u00e1 K, Zikmund M, Langrov\u00e1 I. Health risks associated with wild animal translocation: a case of the European bison and an alien parasite. Biol Invasions. 2017;19:1121\u20135.","journal-title":"Biol Invasions"},{"issue":"1","key":"4992_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2958-6","volume":"11","author":"A Wyrobisz-Papiewska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wyrobisz-Papiewska A, Kowal J, Nosal P, Chovancov\u00e1 G, Rehbein S. Host specificity and species diversity of the ostertagiinae Lopez-Neyra, 1947 in ruminants: a European perspective. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:369.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4992_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-018-1228-4","volume":"64","author":"N Formenti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Formenti N, Vigan\u00f3 R, Fraquelli C, Trogu T, Bonfanti M, Lanfranchi P, et al. Increased hormonal stress response of Apennine chamois induced by interspecific interactions and anthropogenic disturbance. Eur J Wildl Res. 2018;64: 68.","journal-title":"Eur J Wildl Res"},{"key":"4992_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1279073","volume":"10","author":"J Magd\u00e1lek","year":"2023","unstructured":"Magd\u00e1lek J, \u0160korp\u00edkov\u00e1 L, McFarland C, Vadlejch J. An alien parasite in a changing world \u2013 Ashworthius sidemi has lost its traditional seasonal dynamics. Front Vet Sci. 2023;10: 1279073.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"4992_CR35","first-page":"470","volume":"2","author":"DA Ovcharenko","year":"1968","unstructured":"Ovcharenko DA. Seasonal dynamics and development of Ashworthius sidemi (Trichostrongylidae), Oesophagostomum radiatum and O. venulosum (Strongylidae) of Cervus Nippon hortulorum. Parazitologiia. 1968;2:470\u20134.","journal-title":"Parazitologiia"},{"key":"4992_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0675-7","volume":"89","author":"J Dr\u00f3zdz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dr\u00f3zdz J, Demiaszkiewicz AW, Lachowicz J. Expansion of the Asiatic parasite Ashworthius sidemi (Nematoda, Trichostrongylidae) in wild ruminants in Polish territory. Parasitol Res. 2003;89:94\u20137.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4992_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24072\/pcjournal.477","volume":"4","author":"C Beaumelle","year":"2024","unstructured":"Beaumelle C, To\u00efgo C, Papet R, Benabed S, Beurier M, Bordes L, et al. Cross-transmission of resistant gastrointestinal nematodes between wildlife and transhumant sheep. Peer Community J. 2024;4: 103.","journal-title":"Peer Community J"},{"key":"4992_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.07.005","volume":"52","author":"C Beaumelle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Beaumelle C, Redman E, Verheyden H, Jacquiet P, B\u00e9goc N, Veyssi\u00e8re F, et al. Generalist nematodes dominate the nemabiome of roe deer in sympatry with sheep at a regional level. Int J Parasitol. 2022;52:751\u201361.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2015.355","volume":"9","author":"L Rinaldi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rinaldi L, Catelan D, Musella V, Cecconi L, Hertzberg H, Torgerson PR, et al. Haemonchus contortus: spatial risk distribution for infection in sheep in Europe. Geospat Health. 2015;9:325\u201331.","journal-title":"Geospat Health"},{"key":"4992_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13132","volume":"22","author":"H Rose","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rose H, Caminade C, Bolajoko MB, Phelan P, van Dijk J, Baylis M, et al. Climate-driven changes to the spatio-temporal distribution of the parasitic nematode, Haemonchus contortus, in sheep in Europe. Glob Chang Biol. 2016;22:1271\u201385.","journal-title":"Glob Chang Biol"},{"key":"4992_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60343-7","volume":"25","author":"HC Gibbs","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gibbs HC. Hypobiosis in parasitic Nematodes\u2014An update. Adv Parasitol. 1986;25:129\u201374.","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.04.011","volume":"147","author":"ND Sargison","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sargison ND, Wilson DJ, Bartley DJ, Penny CD, Jackson F. Haemonchosis and teladorsagiosis in a Scottish sheep flock putatively associated with the overwintering of hypobiotic fourth stage larvae. Vet Parasitol. 2007;147:326\u201331.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.08.035","volume":"142","author":"LJ O\u2019Connor","year":"2006","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor LJ, Walkden-Brown SW, Kahn LP. Ecology of the free-living stages of major trichostrongylid parasites of sheep. Vet Parasitol. 2006;142:1\u201315.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2014.11.033","volume":"297","author":"H Rose","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rose H, Wang T, van Dijk J, Morgan ER. Gloworm-fl: a simulation model of the effects of climate and climate change on the free-living stages of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites of ruminants. Ecol Modell. 2015;297:232\u201345.","journal-title":"Ecol Modell"},{"key":"4992_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04337-2","volume":"13","author":"T Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang T, Avramenko RW, Redman EM, Wit J, Gilleard JS, Colwell DD. High levels of third-stage larvae (L3) overwinter survival for multiple cattle gastrointestinal nematode species on Western Canadian pastures as revealed by ITS2 rDNA metabarcoding. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13: 458.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4992_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.08.006","volume":"158","author":"J van Dijk","year":"2008","unstructured":"van Dijk J, David GP, Baird G, Morgan ER. Back to the future: developing hypotheses on the effects of climate change on ovine parasitic gastroenteritis from historical data. Vet Parasitol. 2008;158:73\u201384.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2012.08.005","volume":"84","author":"L Corlatti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Corlatti L, B\u00e9thaz S, von Hardenberg A, Bassano B, Palme R, Lovari S. Hormones, parasites and male mating tactics in alpine chamois: identifying the mechanisms of life history trade-offs. Anim Behav. 2012;84:1061\u201370.","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"4992_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8749","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.5427","volume":"9","author":"L Corlatti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Corlatti L, Lorenzetti C, Bassano B. Parasitism and alternative reproductive tactics in Northern chamois. Ecol Evol. 2019;9:8749\u201358.","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"key":"4992_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.06.016","volume":"190","author":"C McMahon","year":"2012","unstructured":"McMahon C, Gordon AW, Edgar HWJ, Hanna REB, Brennan GP, Fairweather I. The effects of climate change on ovine parasitic gastroenteritis determined using veterinary surveillance and meteorological data for Northern Ireland over the period 1999\u20132009. Vet Parasitol. 2012;190:167\u201377.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.110053","volume":"323","author":"MJ Evans","year":"2023","unstructured":"Evans MJ, Corripio-Miyar Y, Hayward A, Kenyon F, McNeilly TN, Nussey DH. Antagonism between co-infecting gastrointestinal nematodes: a meta-analysis of experimental infections in sheep. Vet Parasitol. 2023;323: 110053.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731109990991","volume":"4","author":"J van Dijk","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Dijk J, Sargison ND, Kenyon F, Skuce PJ. Climate change and infectious disease: helminthological challenges to farmed ruminants in temperate regions. Animal. 2010;4:377\u201392.","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"4992_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(92)90060-X","volume":"22","author":"RJ Dobson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dobson RJ, Barnes EH, Birclijin SD, Gill JH. Researchnote the survival of Ostertagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in faecal culture as a source of bias in apportioning egg counts to worm species. Int J Parasitol. 1992;22:1005\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"4992_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(71)90075-2","volume":"81","author":"CJ Mapes","year":"1971","unstructured":"Mapes CJ, Coop RL. Effect of concureent and terminated infections of Haemonchus contortus on the development and reproductive capacity of Nematodirus Battus. J Comp Pathol. 1971;81:479\u201392.","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04992-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04992-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04992-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T10:29:35Z","timestamp":1756895375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04992-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-025-04992-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6529385\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for the studies involving animals was waived by the Institutional Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. No additional ethical approvals were required for the collection of samples. The research was conducted using non-invasive methods, based solely on the examination of faecal samples, without direct contact with the animals or causing any increased disturbance. As the samples were collected in publicly accessible areas and without interfering with the animals, no special permits or licenses were necessary. All fieldwork was carried out in accordance with local legislation and institutional guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"532"}}