{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:28:48Z","timestamp":1785364128048,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-05067-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T10:47:40Z","timestamp":1761043660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["TLR2 c.374C&gt;T variant linked to natural resistance against brucellosis in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fulgione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Iovane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Peretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Michela Immacolata","family":"Montone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Pauciullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Capparelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5067_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1428.011","volume":"1149","author":"E Herrera","year":"2008","unstructured":"Herrera E, Palomares G, D\u00edaz-Aparicio E. Milk production increase in a dairy farm under a six-year brucellosis control program. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1149:296\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1428.011.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"5067_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.108775","volume":"128","author":"M Dadar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dadar M, Fakhri Y, Shahali Y, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Contamination of milk and dairy products by Brucella species: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Res Int. 2020;128:108775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.108775.","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"5067_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12889-017-5016-Y","volume":"18","author":"KA Franc","year":"2018","unstructured":"Franc KA, Krecek RC, H\u00e4sler BN, Arenas-Gamboa AM. Brucellosis remains a neglected disease in the developing world: a call for interdisciplinary action. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12889-017-5016-Y.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"5067_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100596-5.21232-8","volume":"1","author":"A Borghese","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borghese A, Moioli B, Buffalo. Mediterranean region. Ref Module Food Sci. 2016;1:845\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-08-100596-5.21232-8.","journal-title":"Ref Module Food Sci"},{"key":"5067_CR5","unstructured":"Statistiche - BDN. https:\/\/www.vetinfo.it\/j6_statistiche\/#\/report-pbi\/11. Accessed 17 Sep 2024."},{"key":"5067_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11030119","volume":"11","author":"M Ottaiano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ottaiano M, Brunetti R, Limone A, Capone MR, Giuseppe A, Di, Conte A, et al. A retrospective study (2015\u20132020) on the risk factors associated with the persistence and spread of brucellosis in Buffalo farms in caserta Province, Italy. Vet Sci. 2024;11:119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci11030119.","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"5067_CR7","unstructured":"Regione Campania. Programma per il superamento dell\u2019emergenza connessa all\u2019eradicazione delle malattie infettive delle specie bovina e bufalina."},{"key":"5067_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12739","volume":"50","author":"C Du","year":"2019","unstructured":"Du C, Deng T, Zhou Y, Ye T, Zhou Z, Zhang S, et al. Systematic analyses for candidate genes of milk production traits in water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Genet. 2019;50:207\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/age.12739.","journal-title":"Anim Genet"},{"key":"5067_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1160486","author":"DC Mishra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mishra DC, Bhati J, Yadav S, Avashthi H, Sikka P, Jerome A, et al. Comparative expression analysis of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) to identify genes associated with economically important traits. Front Vet Sci. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2023.1160486.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"5067_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052626","author":"K Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei K, Lu Y, Ma X, Duan A, Lu X, Abdel-Shafy H, et al. Transcriptome-wide association study reveals potentially candidate genes responsible for milk production traits in buffalo. Int J Mol Sci. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25052626.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5067_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9016","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23257","volume":"106","author":"M G\u00f3mez-Carpio","year":"2023","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Carpio M, Cesarani A, Zullo G, Cimmino R, Neglia G, Campanile G, et al. Genetic parameters for reproductive traits in the Italian mediterranean Buffalo using milk yield as a correlated trait. J Dairy Sci. 2023;106:9016\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2023-23257.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"5067_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"George L, Alex R, Sukhija N, Jaglan K, Vohra V, Kumar R, et al. Genetic improvement of economic traits in Murrah Buffalo using significant SNPs from genome-wide association study. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2023;55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11250-023-03606-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/S11250-023-03606-3"},{"key":"5067_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12645","volume":"49","author":"G Cosenza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cosenza G, Iannaccone M, Auzino B, Macciotta NPP, Kovitvadhi A, Nicolae I, et al. Remarkable genetic diversity detected at river Buffalo prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene and association studies with milk fatty acid composition. Anim Genet. 2018;49:159\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/age.12645.","journal-title":"Anim Genet"},{"key":"5067_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.08.001","volume":"261","author":"C He","year":"2018","unstructured":"He C, Mao Y, Zhang X, Li H, Lu K, Fu Z, et al. High resistance of water Buffalo against reinfection with schistosoma Japonicum. Vet Parasitol. 2018;261:18\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.08.001.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"5067_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00948-06","volume":"75","author":"R Capparelli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Capparelli R, Alfano F, Amoroso MG, Borriello G, Fenizia D, Bianco A, et al. Protective effect of the Nramp1 BB genotype against Brucella abortus in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Infect Immun. 2007;75:988\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00948-06.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5067_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/S00251-008-0284-4","volume":"60","author":"R Capparelli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Capparelli R, Parlato M, Amoroso MG, Roperto S, Marabelli R, Roperto F, et al. Mannose-binding lectin haplotypes influence Brucella abortus infection in the water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Immunogenetics. 2008;60:157\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00251-008-0284-4.","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"5067_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12512","volume":"48","author":"M Papaianni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Papaianni M, Cosenza G, Borriello G, Galiero G, Grasso F, Della Ventura B, et al. The tumor necrosis factor g1022G\u2009>\u2009A polymorphism is associated with resistance to tuberculosis in water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Genet. 2017;48:250\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/age.12512.","journal-title":"Anim Genet"},{"key":"5067_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12863-014-0139","volume":"15","author":"F Alfano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alfano F, Peletto S, Lucibelli MG, Borriello G, Urciuolo G, Maniaci MG, et al. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor candidate genes associated with tuberculosis infection in water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). BMC Genet. 2014;15:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12863-014-0139.","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"key":"5067_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2024.105552","volume":"118","author":"A Gentile","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gentile A, Fulgione A, Auzino B, Iovane V, Gallo D, Garramone R, et al. In vivo biological validation of in silico analysis: a novel approach for predicting the effects of TLR4 exon 3 polymorphisms on brucellosis. Infect Genet Evol. 2024;118:105552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2024.105552.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"5067_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e631","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000631","volume":"2","author":"E Barquero-Calvo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barquero-Calvo E, Chaves-Olarte E, Weiss DS, Guzm\u00e1n-Verri C, Chac\u00f3n-D\u00edaz C, Rucavado A, et al. Brucella abortus uses a stealthy strategy to avoid activation of the innate immune system during the onset of infection. PLoS ONE. 2007;2:e631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0000631.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5067_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106005","author":"A Dominguez-Flores","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dominguez-Flores A, Rodr\u00edguez L\u00f3pez GM, Soria-Castro R, L\u00f3pez-Santiago R, Rodr\u00edguez-Cort\u00e9s O, P\u00e9rez-Tapia SM, et al. Brucella abortus induces mast cell activation through TLR-2 and TLR-4. Microb Pathog. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106005.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"5067_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00115","volume":"2","author":"J Pei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pei J, Ding X, Fan Y, Rice-Ficht A, Ficht TA. Toll-like receptors are critical for clearance of Brucella and play different roles in development of adaptive immunity following aerosol challenge in mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012;2:115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00115.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"5067_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342684","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1342684","volume":"14","author":"H Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu H, Gu X, Wang D, Wang Z. Brucella infection and Toll-like receptors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024;14:1342684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1342684.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"5067_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4960","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.67.9.4960-4962.1999","volume":"67","author":"A Tibor","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tibor A, Decelle BA, Letesson J-J. Outer membrane proteins Omp10, Omp16, and Omp19 of Brucella spp. are lipoproteins. Infect Immun. 1999;67:4960\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.67.9.4960-4962.1999.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5067_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.9.3633-3639.1994","volume":"62","author":"A Tibor","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tibor A, Weynants V, Denoel P, Lichtfouse B, De Bolle X, Saman E, et al. Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and occurrence of a 16.5-kilodalton outer membrane protein of Brucella abortus with similarity to Pal lipoproteins. Infect Immun. 1994;62:3633\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.62.9.3633-3639.1994.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5067_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4635","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.7.4635","volume":"173","author":"GH Giambartolomei","year":"2004","unstructured":"Giambartolomei GH, Zwerdling A, Cassataro J, Bruno L, Fossati CA, Philipp MT. Lipoproteins, not lipopolysaccharide, are the key mediators of the proinflammatory response elicited by heat-killed Brucella abortus. J Immunol. 2004;173:4635\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.173.7.4635.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5067_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.04111185","volume":"91","author":"MV Delpino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Delpino MV, Barrionuevo P, Macedo GC, Oliveira SC, Di Genaro S, Scian R, et al. Macrophage-elicited osteoclastogenesis in response to Brucella abortus infection requires TLR2\/MyD88-dependent TNF-\u03b1 production. J Leukoc Biol. 2012;91:285\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.04111185.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"5067_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0807586","volume":"83","author":"K Farhat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Farhat K, Riekenberg S, Heine H, Debarry J, Lang R, Mages J, et al. Heterodimerization of TLR2 with TLR1 or TLR6 expands the ligand spectrum but does not lead to differential signaling. J Leukoc Biol. 2008;83:692\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.0807586.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"5067_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.9734\/bji\/2022\/v26i5661","volume":"26","author":"AAA Mossallam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mossallam AAA, Osman NM, Othman OE, Mahfouz ER. Polymorphism evaluation of TLR2 gene associated with endometritis infection in Buffalo reared in Egypt. BJI. 2022;26:45\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/bji\/2022\/v26i5661.","journal-title":"BJI"},{"key":"5067_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13122012","volume":"13","author":"W Kenchaiwong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kenchaiwong W, Pongthaisong P, Kananit S, Duangjinda M, Boonkum W. An analysis of DNA sequence polymorphism in the swamp Buffalo Toll-like receptor (TLR2) gene. Animals. 2023;13:2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani13122012.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"5067_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764390","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.764390","volume":"12","author":"MC Bartens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bartens MC, Gibson AJ, Etherington GJ, Di Palma F, Holder A, Werling D, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine TLR2 extracellular domain contribute to breed and species-specific innate immune functionality. Front Immunol. 2021;12:764390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.764390.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5067_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2014.10.014","volume":"170","author":"S Yapan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yapan S, Liping S, Aizhen G, Liguo Y. Effects of toll-like receptor 2 gene mutation on resistance to bovine brucellosis. Livest Sci. 2014;170:30\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.livsci.2014.10.014.","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"5067_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810982","volume":"23","author":"MY Behairy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Behairy MY, Abdelrahman AA, Toraih EA, Ibrahim EEDA, Azab MM, Sayed AA, et al. Investigation of TLR2 and TLR4 polymorphisms and sepsis susceptibility: computational and experimental approaches. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:10982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231810982.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5067_CR34","unstructured":"Delegated regulation \u2013\u20092020\/689 - EN - EUR-Lex. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg_del\/2020\/689\/oj. Accessed 3 Jul 2024."},{"key":"5067_CR35","unstructured":"DGRC 104\/2022. \u2013 Approvazione del programma obbligatorio di eradicazione delle malattie infettive delle specie bovina e bufalina in Regione Campania \u2013 Oev. https:\/\/oev.izsmportici.it\/dgrc-104-2022-approvazione-del-programma-obbligatorio-di-eradicazione-delle-malattie-infettive-delle-specie-bovina-e-bufalina-in-regione-campania\/. Accessed 6 Mar 2025."},{"issue":"11","key":"5067_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-S11-S7","volume":"10","author":"TJ Jankun-Kelly","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jankun-Kelly TJ, Lindeman AD, Bridges SM. Exploratory visual analysis of conserved domains on multiple sequence alignments. BMC Bioinformatics. 2009;10(11):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-10-S11-S7.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5067_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W276","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac240","volume":"50","author":"F Madeira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Madeira F, Pearce M, Tivey ARN, Basutkar P, Lee J, Edbali O, et al. Search and sequence analysis tools services from EMBL-EBI in 2022. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50:W276\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkac240.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5067_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp033","volume":"25","author":"AM Waterhouse","year":"2009","unstructured":"Waterhouse AM, Procter JB, Martin DMA, Clamp M, Barton GJ. Jalview version 2-a multiple sequence alignment editor and analysis workbench. Bioinf Appl Note. 2009;25:1189\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp033.","journal-title":"Bioinf Appl Note"},{"key":"5067_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Martin ER, Chung RH. Linkage disequilibrium and association analysis. Genetic analysis of complex diseases. Third Ed. 2018;182\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119104100.ch8.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119104100.ch8"},{"issue":"9","key":"5067_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.22570","volume":"77","author":"E Krieger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krieger E, Joo K, Lee J, Lee J, Raman S, Thompson J, et al. Improving physical realism, stereochemistry, and side-chain accuracy in homology modeling: four approaches that performed well in CASP8. Proteins. 2009;77(9):114\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/prot.22570.","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"5067_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.724947","volume":"8","author":"C Christoffer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Christoffer C, Bharadwaj V, Luu R, Kihara D. LZerD protein-protein docking webserver enhanced with de novo structure prediction. Front Mol Biosci. 2021;8:724947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2021.724947.","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"5067_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W359","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab336","volume":"49","author":"C Christoffer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Christoffer C, Chen S, Bharadwaj V, Aderinwale T, Kumar V, Hormati M, et al. LZerD webserver for pairwise and multiple protein-protein Docking. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021;49:W359\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkab336.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5067_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0366-5_15","volume":"1137","author":"J Esquivel-Rodriguez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Esquivel-Rodriguez J, Filos-Gonzalez V, Li B, Kihara D. Pairwise and multimeric protein\u2013protein docking using the Lzerd program suite. Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1137:209\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-0366-5_15.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"5067_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-407","volume":"10","author":"V Venkatraman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Venkatraman V, Yang YD, Sael L, Kihara D. Protein-protein docking using region-based 3D Zernike descriptors. BMC Bioinformatics. 2009;10:1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-10-407.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5067_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.6b00305","volume":"56","author":"S Khan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khan S, Farooq U, Kurnikova M. Exploring protein stability by comparative molecular dynamics simulations of homologous hyperthermophilic, mesophilic, and psychrophilic proteins. J Chem Inf Model. 2016;56:2129\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jcim.6b00305.","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Model"},{"key":"5067_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001","volume":"1\u20132","author":"MJ Abraham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abraham MJ, Murtola T, Schulz R, P\u00e1ll S, Smith JC, Hess B, et al. GROMACS: high performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers. SoftwareX. 2015;1\u20132:19\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001.","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"key":"5067_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11225","DOI":"10.1021\/JA9621760","volume":"118","author":"WL Jorgensen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jorgensen WL, Maxwell DS, Tirado-Rives J. Development and testing of the OPLS all-atom force field on conformational energetics and properties of organic liquids. J Am Chem Soc. 1996;118:11225\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/JA9621760.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"5067_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6474","DOI":"10.1021\/jp003919d","volume":"105","author":"GA Kaminski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaminski GA, Friesner RA, Tirado-Rives J, Jorgensen WL. Evaluation and reparametrization of the OPLS-AA force field for proteins via comparison with accurate quantum chemical calculations on peptides. J Phys Chem B. 2001;105:6474\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jp003919d.","journal-title":"J Phys Chem B"},{"key":"5067_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3872","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26133872","volume":"26","author":"P Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar P, Dominiak PM. Combining molecular dynamic information and an aspherical-atom data bank in the evaluation of the electrostatic interaction energy in multimeric protein-ligand complex: a case study for HIV-1 protease. Molecules. 2021;26:3872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26133872.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5067_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1478-3975\/8\/3\/035001","volume":"8","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Witham S, Alexov E. On the role of electrostatics in protein\u2013protein interactions. Phys Biol. 2011;8:035001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1478-3975\/8\/3\/035001.","journal-title":"Phys Biol"},{"key":"5067_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3280","volume":"27","author":"E Jurrus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jurrus E, Engel D, Star K, Monson K, Brandi J, Felberg LE, et al. Improvements to the APBS biomolecular solvation software suite. Protein Sci. 2018;27:112\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pro.3280.","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"5067_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falconer DS, Mackay TFC. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics (Fourth Edition). Trends in Genetics. 1996;12:464.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(00)89154-4"},{"key":"5067_CR53","unstructured":"Tenny S, Hoffman MR, Odds R. 2023 May 22. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan\u2013. PMID: 28613750."},{"key":"5067_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Norton EC, Dowd BE, Maciejewski ML. Odds ratios-Current best practice and use why report odds ratios from logistic Regression? JAMA 2018;3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.20441","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.20441"},{"key":"5067_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-010-0087-7","volume":"19","author":"M Szumilas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Szumilas M. Explaining odds ratios. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010;19:227.","journal-title":"J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"5067_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2009.011","volume":"19","author":"ML McHugh","year":"2009","unstructured":"McHugh ML. The odds ratio: calculation, usage, and interpretation. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2009;19:120\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11613\/BM.2009.011.","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"5067_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MAR, Bender D, et al. PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet. 2007;81:559\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/519795.","DOI":"10.1086\/519795"},{"key":"5067_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Slifer SH. PLINK: key functions for data analysis. Curr Protoc Hum Genet. 2018;97:e59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphg.59.","DOI":"10.1002\/cphg.59"},{"key":"5067_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19454","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019454","volume":"6","author":"H Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen H, Poon A, Yeung C, Helms C, Pons J, Bowcock AM, et al. A genetic risk score combining ten psoriasis risk loci improves disease prediction. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e19454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0019454.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5067_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.248","volume":"4","author":"JR Marden","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marden JR, Walter S, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Kawachi I, Glymour MM. Validation of a polygenic risk score for dementia in black and white individuals. Brain Behav. 2014;4:687\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.248.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"5067_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.120170","volume":"69","author":"EW Karlson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karlson EW, Chibnik LB, Kraft P, Cui J, Keenan BT, Ding B, et al. Cumulative association of 22 genetic variants with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis risk. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:1077\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2009.120170.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"5067_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1086\/303069","volume":"67","author":"D Fallin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fallin D, Schork NJ. Accuracy of haplotype frequency estimation for biallelic loci, via the expectation-maximization algorithm for unphased diploid genotype data. Am J Hum Genet. 2000;67:947\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/303069.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"5067_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3054","volume":"12","author":"SR Browning","year":"2011","unstructured":"Browning SR, Browning BL. Haplotype phasing: existing methods and new developments. Nat Rev Genet. 2011;12:703\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrg3054.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"5067_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/GB-2001-2-9-research0039","volume":"2","author":"JA Malek","year":"2001","unstructured":"Malek JA. Abundant protein domains occur in proportion to proteome size. Genome Biol. 2001;2:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/GB-2001-2-9-research0039.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"5067_CR65","first-page":"137","volume":"3","author":"P Banerjee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Banerjee P, Gahlawat SK, Devi C, Joshi J. Sequencing, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of TLR genes of bubalus bubalis. DHR Int J Biomed Life Sci. 2012;3:137\u201359.","journal-title":"DHR Int J Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"5067_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.18805\/ijar.v0iof.9125","volume":"52","author":"S Thakur","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thakur S, Singh M, Aseri GK, Verma A, Vineeth MR, Rayees M, et al. Identification of point mutation in TLR2 gene and its association with mastitis in water Buffalo. Indian J Anim Res. 2018;52:1331\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18805\/ijar.v0iof.9125.","journal-title":"Indian J Anim Res"},{"key":"5067_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.114242","author":"A Mokhtar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mokhtar A, Albalawi R, Fallatah M. Brucellosis as a multisystem disease. Curr Top Zoonoses. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.114242.","journal-title":"Curr Top Zoonoses"},{"key":"5067_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2014.509-516","volume":"7","author":"MD Patel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patel MD, Patel PR, Prajapati MG, Kanani AN, Tyagi KK, Fulsoundar AB. Prevalence and risk factor\u2019s analysis of bovine brucellosis in peri-urban areas under intensive system of production in Gujarat, India. Vet World. 2014;7:509\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2014.509-516.","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"5067_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00257-20","author":"SA Adetunji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adetunji SA, Faustman DL, Adams LG, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Hensel ME, Khalaf OH, et al. Brucella abortus and pregnancy in mice: impact of chronic infection on fertility and the role of regulatory t cells in tissue colonization. Infect Immun. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00257-20.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5067_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/S40471-015-0046-4","volume":"2","author":"JA Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith JA, Ware EB, Middha P, Beacher L, Kardia SLR. Current applications of genetic risk scores to cardiovascular outcomes and subclinical phenotypes. Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2015;2:180\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S40471-015-0046-4.","journal-title":"Curr Epidemiol Rep"},{"key":"5067_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-150749","volume":"53","author":"V Chouraki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chouraki V, Reitz C, Maury F, Bis JC, Bellenguez C, Yu L, et al. Evaluation of a genetic risk score to improve risk prediction for alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;53:921\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-150749.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5067_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072105","volume":"27","author":"HAL Filipe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Filipe HAL, Loura LMS. Molecular dynamics simulations: advances and applications. Molecules. 2022;27:2105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27072105.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5067_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14038","volume":"99","author":"X Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu X, Xu LY, Li EM, Dong G. Application of molecular dynamics simulation in biomedicine. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2022;99:789\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cbdd.14038.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Drug Des"},{"key":"5067_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.011","volume":"99","author":"SA Hollingsworth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hollingsworth SA, Dror RO. Molecular dynamics simulation for all. Neuron. 2018;99:1129\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.011.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5067_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1823884","volume":"40","author":"L Taidi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taidi L, Maurady A, Britel MR. Molecular docking study and molecular dynamic simulation of human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with selected eutypoids. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2022;40:1189\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07391102.2020.1823884.","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"key":"5067_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124878","volume":"407","author":"M Kooravand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kooravand M, Asadpour S, Haddadi H, Farhadian S. An insight into the interaction between malachite green oxalate with human serum albumin: molecular dynamic simulation and spectroscopic approaches. J Hazard Mater. 2021;407:124878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124878.","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"5067_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7308","DOI":"10.1021\/jp8106827","volume":"113","author":"W Xu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xu W, Jiang P, Mu Y. Conformation preorganization: effects of S20G mutation on the structure of human islet amyloid polypeptide segment. J Phys Chem B. 2009;113:7308\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jp8106827.","journal-title":"J Phys Chem B"},{"key":"5067_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpc.2016.03.004","volume":"213","author":"G Borgohain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borgohain G, Dan N, Paul S. Use of molecular dynamics simulation to explore structural facets of human prion protein with pathogenic mutations. Biophys Chem. 2016;213:32\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpc.2016.03.004.","journal-title":"Biophys Chem"},{"key":"5067_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2022.146580","author":"SK Verma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Verma SK, Chandel R, Mahanandia NC, Kumar TVC, Kumar LK, Veerappa VG, et al. A single nucleotide polymorphism of the Thyrotropin releasing hormone degrading ectoenzyme (TRHDE) gene is associated with post-partum anestrus in Murrah buffalo. Gene. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2022.146580.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"5067_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.028","volume":"220","author":"BR Sahoo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sahoo BR, Dubey PK, Goyal S, Bhoi GK, Lenka SK, Maharana J, et al. Exploration of the binding modes of Buffalo PGRP1 receptor complexed with meso-diaminopimelic acid and lysine-type peptidoglycans by molecular dynamics simulation and free energy calculation. Chem Biol Interact. 2014;220:255\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.06.028.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"5067_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-8-288","volume":"8","author":"OC Jann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jann OC, Werling D, Chang J-S, Haig D, Glass EJ. Molecular evolution of bovine Toll-like receptor 2 suggests substitutions of functional relevance. BMC Evol Biol. 2008;8:288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2148-8-288.","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-025-05067-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-025-05067-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-025-05067-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T10:47:42Z","timestamp":1761043662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12917-025-05067-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-025-05067-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The original biological tissue used for DNA isolation was blood, which was collected by an official veterinarian from the ASL (Local Sanitary Unit) of the Italian Ministry of Health during routine prophylaxis in accordance with Italian national regulations on animal welfare. Therefore, approval from the Animal Care and Use Committee (Legislative Decree No. 26 of March 4, 2014, Implementation of Directive 2010\/63\/EU on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes) was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"625"}}