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This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, serotype distribution, and virulence genes profiles of\n                      <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolated from food products, farm animals, and humans in Egypt.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 750 samples were collected, including dairy products, raw meat, animal fecal samples, aborted fetuses, and human stool samples. Isolation and identification were performed according to ISO, (2022) followed by serotyping and molecular characterization of virulence genes (\n                      <jats:italic>iap<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>actA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Listeria spp.<\/jats:italic>\n                      were detected in 18.5% of food products, 4.75% of animal fecal samples, 18.0% of aborted fetuses, and 17.0% of human samples. The highest contamination rates were observed in Kareish cheese (28.0%) and raw milk (22.0%). Serotype 4b was the most prevalent among isolates. All isolates harbored the\n                      <jats:italic>iap<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, while the\n                      <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>actA<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes were detected in 80% and 67% of isolates, respectively. Alarmingly, all isolates were resistant to clindamycin and nalidixic acid, and high resistance rates were observed against penicillin (93.3%) and ampicillin (86.7%), although imipenem and amikacin remained effective.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings highlight the circulation of multidrug-resistant and virulent\n                      <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains in Egypt\u2019s food chain and among occupational groups. Enhanced hygiene measures, continuous surveillance, and prudent antibiotic use are urgently needed to mitigate the associated public health risks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-05138-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T02:46:32Z","timestamp":1763779592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gene profiling and serotyping of multidrug-resistant Listeria monocytogenes isolated from humans, animals, and dairy products"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sabah Ibrahim","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noha","family":"Awwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Nossair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mousa","family":"Ayoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abd El-Majeed","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5138_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.126","volume":"16","author":"L Radoshevich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Radoshevich L, Cossart P. 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Crit Rev Food Sci Food Nutr. 2021;61(18):3082\u201395.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Food Nutr"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-025-05138-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-025-05138-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-025-05138-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T12:31:10Z","timestamp":1765629070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12917-025-05138-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-025-05138-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This research was conducted according to the guidelines of the Research Ethics Committee of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt. The study was granted ethical approval under number DMU\/VetMed-2023\/006. All farm owners included in the study were informed of all the study procedures and aims, and permission to collect animal samples was obtained from them verbally. All methods were performed in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines for the reporting of animal experiments (\n                      \n                      ). In addition, a comprehensive discussion was conducted with each worker, and they received detailed information about the aims of the study. Informed consent was obtained from the human participants and\/or their legal guardian after receiving detailed information about the aims of the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki for medical research involving human subjects.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"702"}}